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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When labeling a graph where are the dependent and independent variables located?
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Independent- bottom Dependent- side
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What is the word that describes that nothing in science can be proven?
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Tentative
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Single vs. Double Blind Study
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Single Blind- participant does not know what they have
Double Blind- both participant and observer do not know about what the patient has |
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Steps in the scientific method
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Observation
Question Hypothesis Prediction Test |
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Maniscus
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Curve of liquis you see while using a graduated cylinder
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Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Data |
Quantitative- dealing with #'s (quantity)
Qualitative- adj./ describing something (no #'s) |
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um (micrometers)
mm (millimeters) |
um- .000001
mm-.001 |
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3 types of ecological pyramids
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biomass, energy, numbers
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6 levels of ecological study
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organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
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exponential growth
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growth witha constant increase (about same increase consently)
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Carrying Capacity
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# of organisms in a population that an invironment can maintain
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Calculate Population Density
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population
------------------ units area |
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Density Dependent
vs. Density Independent Factors |
Dependent- more effective when larger population
Independent- population does not factor in |
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Predation
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Predator eats prey
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Interspecific vs. Intraspecific
Competition |
Inter- between different species
Intra- between same species |
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One cause of interspecific competition
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same niche
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Niche
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an organisms habit/
their way of life |
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what kind of relationship:
Predation |
+, -
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what kind of relationship:
Commensalism |
+, 0
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what kind of relationship:
Mutualism |
+,+
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what kind of relationship:
Parasitism |
+,-
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Primary vs. Secondary
Succession |
Primary- left with rock (lichens and moss then cover)
Secondary- left with soil |
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Darwin vs. Lamarck
Theory of Evolution |
Darwin- evolution by natural selection and survival of the fittest
Lamarck- things gain and lose characteristics throughout their life, to best fit their environment |
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Natural Selection
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individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do others
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2 factors neccassary for evolution to occur
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variation within a population and natural selection
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Inhereted vs. Aquired Traits
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Inhereted- passed down to you (genes)
Aquired- get during lifetime (ec: muscle) |
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Homologous vs. Analogous
Structures |
homologous- look different; same structure
analogous- look same; different structure |
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Convergent Evolution
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whe an an species develops structure with same function as another species, but not related
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3 ways to determine evolutionary relatedness
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DNA(genes), Sructural Evidence, Embyologically
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Speciation
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form of a new species
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Geographic Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
species occur in different areas |
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Ecological Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
occur in same area, but occupy different surfaces/areas |
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Temporal Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
species that breed during different times |
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Behavioral Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
unique behavior |
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Pre-Reproductive Barrier
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Obstactle to mating or fertilization
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Mechanical Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
sexual organs are incompatible |
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Gametic Isolation
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(pre-reproduction barrier)
Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species |
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Post-Reproduction Barrier
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Prevent hybrid offspring from developing into a fertile adult
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Reduce Hybrid Viablity
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Genes of different parent species may interact &
impair the hybrid’s development |
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Reduced hybrid fertility
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Even if hybrids are vigorous
they may be sterile |
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Hybrid breakdown
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Hybrids may be fertile & viable in first generation, but when they mate offspring are
feeble or sterile |
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Panthera pardus
^ ^ Genus Species |
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Classification System
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Hybrid breakdown
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Hybrids may be fertile & viable in first generation, but when they mate offspring are
feeble or sterile |
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Panthera pardus
^ ^ Genus Species |
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Classification System
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Hybrid breakdown
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Hybrids may be fertile & viable in first generation, but when they mate offspring are
feeble or sterile |
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Panthera pardus
^ ^ Genus Species |
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Classification System
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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4 most common elements found in living things
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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ph scale
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0-6 acidic
7 neutral 8-14 basic |
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organic compound
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contains carbon
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4 major types of macromolecules
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lypids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
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hydrophobic
vs. hydrophillic |
hydrophobic- dosn't like water
hydrophillic- attracted to water |
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triglyceride
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3 fatty acids
1 glycerol molecule |
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factors that influence protein shape
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temperature, pH
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enzyme
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something that speeds up activation energy
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activation enerygy
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start up energy for a reaction to occur
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prokaryote vs. eukaryote
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prokaryote- no nucleus/missing organelles
eukaryote- nucleus |
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active transport
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requires energy
protein pumps low to high concentration endo/exosytosis |
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diffusion
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high to low concentration
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facilitated diffusion
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no energy
protein channels |
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osmosis
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diffusion of water
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hypotonic
hypertonice isotonic |
unsaturated (shrinks)
saturated (expands) normal (stays same) |
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stem cell
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cell that can reproduce and turn into any type of cell in the body
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stem cell
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developes into many different cell types in the body
serves as repair system for body can divide without limit assymetrical division |
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totipotent
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any cell in body + placenta
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pluripotent
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any type of cell in body
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multipotent
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produce cell types that make up an entire tissue
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oligpotent
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cells can differentiate into toe or more cell types within a tissue
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adult stem cells
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repair tissue
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cell theory
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all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things all cells come from pre-existing cells |
