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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many chromosomes do all great apes have (except humans)?
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48
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What is punctuated equilibrium?
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Punctuated equilibrium is episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change
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"It would appear that God has an inordinate fondness forANSWER ." The organism with the highest speciation rate.
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Beetles
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Why is the speciation of elephants described as slow?
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There are very few known species of elephants. From this we can infer that speciation does not occur often or quickly.
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What is the steady-state condition in which little changes evolutionarily?
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. stasis
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What has molecular genetics derived from its studied?
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It has revealed that two ancestral chromosomes that are separate in other primates became fused in humans to form our chromosome 2
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Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. the human lineage branched into several hominid species; however, all of those branches went extinct except modern humans b. modern humans share a very recent common ancestor with the genus Pan which includes modern chimpanzees and bonobos c. modern humans evolved from our nearest relatives in the genus Pan d. divergence between humans and their closest relatives from the genus Pan occurred less than 6.3 million years ago according to molecular data |
c |
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Explain the concept of the molecular clock and how it is calibrated.
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Molecular clocks allow for the measurement of speciation rates from rates of genetic change. The concept rests on the assumption that mutations are random and neutral and accumulate in a population at a constant rate. In order to accurately determine rates of genetic change it is imperative to correctly calibrate the molecular clock. This is done by accurately dating a specific divergence event through various techniques such as in depth examination of the fossil record and radioisotope dating. Once a date has been determined for the divergence event, the amount of genetic similarity/difference between the divergent organisms can be compared to obtain a rate of genetic change over the elapsed time period from the divergence event.
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The pace of speciation depends on the interaction of which two factors?
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Genome and environment
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Explain the role natural selection plays in the theory of punctuated equilibrium.
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The theory of punctuated equilibrium states that a species traits are mostly stable and over a long period of stais, rare events of strong selective pressures lead to rapid speciation rates. The long periods of statis where little to no morphological change occurs are maintained by stablizing selection. Stabilizing selection is the decrease of genetic diversity due to the natural selection of a particular trait favored by the environment. These long periods of statis are punctuated by burst of diversification.
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