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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sexual dimorphism reflects the ________ investment in the offspring.
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Energy
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What is the good genes hypothesis?
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Traits signal the presence of a different beneficial gene(s). Such as a healthy immune system.
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Similar coloring or features between the sexes in an organism may indicate
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equal investment of time in the care of offspring
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Describe INTERSEXUAL SELECTION:
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Intersexual selection describes "attractiveness traits" that the opposite sex finds desirable in a mate. These traits may not increase survival, but do increase reproductive success. For example: Brightly colored plumage in birds, longer tails, low pitched frog calls.
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_____co-evolution is the co-evolution of enemies and victims, such as parasites and hosts. |
negative |
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What is meant by the term co-evolution?
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Co-evolution is the process in which selective pressures cause two or more species to evolve in response to each other, which usually occurs when the species respond to each other over a long period of time.
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What is the sexual selection of males by females and females by males, or direct mate selection?
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Intersexual selection
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The vibrant colors and elaborate plumage of the male peacock in comparison to the more sedate coloring of the female peacock is an example of _________ .
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sexual dimorphism
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Explain why the idea that "exposure of bacteria to antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance" is a misconception. What evidence has allowed scientists to conclude that genes that confer antibiotic resistance already existed in bacterial populations prior to the discovery and use of antibiotics in medicine?
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Natural selection can only act upon existing phenotypes, thus bacteria could not have mutated and developed resistance due to environmental pressure. Rather, these gene variants must have already existed in the population. Due to the selection pressures caused by antibiotic use, the individuals carrying the resistant genes were selected for while the individuals without the resistant genes were selected against allowing the frequency of antibiotic resistance to rise in the generations that followed. Hence, the bacterial populations have evolved due to changes in allele frequency following selection pressures. The Lederbergs conducted experiments in 1952 utilizing a technique called replica plating to demonstrate that mutations were random and selection pressures act on these mutations, while simultaneously disproving that mutations arise in response to selection pressure.
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What is sexual selection?
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Sexual selection acts on traits that increase an indiviudals ability to attract a mate, favoring traits adapted to increasing reproductive success. This form of selection focuses on fitness in breeding which can compromise lilkelihood of survival and directly opposes other types of selective pressures.
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Honest Advertising hypothesis
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traits indicate a mate that has energy to spare, indicating overall good health |
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Good Genes hypothesis |
traits signal the presence of a other beneficial gene, American Goldfinch-yellow coloration and healthy immune system |
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Fisherian Arbotrary Choice hypothesis |
sexually selected traits do no necessarily signal other genetic advantages. Perhaps mate choice happens to some other arbitrary reason. these are passed down |
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If the male is the one competing for mates and the primary caregiver is the female, what does the mean for the male and female? |
The female is the one who invests more into the offspring while the male invests more in attractiveness. It is hardly ever the other way around |
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intrasexual selection |
selection based on competition between members of the same sex
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Negative gene flow |
reduce the ability for species to locally adapt to interactions with a spatially resticted species |
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postive gene flow |
allow the spread of advantageous alleles that allow individuals to adapt to interacting species |
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negative frequency -dependence |
least frequent trait is selectively advantageous |
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postive frequency dependence |
most frequent trait is selectively advantaged, large differences among individuals in a population know as poly-mor-phism |
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