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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adaptation
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characteristic that confers higher fitness: a trait maintained as a result of Natural selection
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allele
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one of two or more alternative expressions of a gene
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amino acids
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basic constituents of proteins
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artificial selection
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the culling out of individuals with heritable traits by humans to serve human purposes
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chromosome
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a gene-carrying structure composed of DNA and packing proteins
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chromosome inversions
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a part of the chromosome switches around within the chromosome
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codons
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a triplet sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides; each codon triplet specifies a particular amino acid to be placed in forming a protein
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crossing over:
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the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes when they are synapsed during meiosis
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diploid
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full normal number of characteristic somatic cell chromosomes, represented "2n"
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DNA
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deoxynucleic acid; a double helix of nucleotides that constitute the hereditary material of the cell; the agent of inheritance and cell metabolism; transcribes RNA
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domestication
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artificial selection
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gamete
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a male or female sex cell; sperm or egg
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gene
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the unit of inheritance affecting the characteristics ofa trait; a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein through an RNA intermediate
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Genetic code
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DNA, translated into protein through mRNA
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adaptation
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characteristic that confers higher fitness: a trait maintained as a result of Natural selection
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|
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allele
|
one of two or more alternative expressions of a gene
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|
|
amino acids
|
basic constituents of proteins
|
|
|
artificial selection
|
the culling out of individuals with heritable traits by humans to serve human purposes
|
|
|
chromosome
|
a gene-carrying structure composed of DNA and packing proteins
|
|
|
chromosome inversions
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a part of the chromosome switches around within the chromosome
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codons
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a triplet sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides; each codon triplet specifies a particular amino acid to be placed in forming a protein
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crossing over:
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the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes when they are synapsed during meiosis
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diploid
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full normal number of characteristic somatic cell chromosomes, represented "2n"
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|
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DNA
|
deoxynucleic acid; a double helix of nucleotides that constitute the hereditary material of the cell; the agent of inheritance and cell metabolism; transcribes RNA
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|
|
domestication
|
artificial selection
|
|
|
gamete
|
a male or female sex cell; sperm or egg
|
|
|
gene
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the unit of inheritance affecting the characteristics ofa trait; a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein through an RNA intermediate
|
|
|
Genetic code
|
DNA, translated into protein through mRNA
|
|
|
adaptation
|
characteristic that confers higher fitness: a trait maintained as a result of Natural selection
|
|
|
allele
|
one of two or more alternative expressions of a gene
|
|
|
amino acids
|
basic constituents of proteins
|
|
|
artificial selection
|
the culling out of individuals with heritable traits by humans to serve human purposes
|
|
|
chromosome
|
a gene-carrying structure composed of DNA and packing proteins
|
|
|
chromosome inversions
|
a part of the chromosome switches around within the chromosome
|
|
|
codons
|
a triplet sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides; each codon triplet specifies a particular amino acid to be placed in forming a protein
|
|
|
crossing over:
|
the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes when they are synapsed during meiosis
|
|
|
diploid
|
full normal number of characteristic somatic cell chromosomes, represented "2n"
|
|
|
DNA
|
deoxynucleic acid; a double helix of nucleotides that constitute the hereditary material of the cell; the agent of inheritance and cell metabolism; transcribes RNA
|
|
|
domestication
|
artificial selection
|
|
|
gamete
|
a male or female sex cell; sperm or egg
|
|
|
gene
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the unit of inheritance affecting the characteristics ofa trait; a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein through an RNA intermediate
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Genetic code
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DNA, translated into protein through mRNA
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genotype
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the genetic makeup of an individual
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heterozygous
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two different alleles carried for a trait
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haploid
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half the normal number of somatic cell chromosomes, represented 1n
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homozygous
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the same alleles carried for a trait
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homeotic (HOX)mutations
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hox genes decide whwere and how our body is produced. A mutation in the Hox gene can make body parts appear in different parts.
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Linkage
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linked genes travel together during meiosis always inherited together. Example: fruit flies eye color and wing length
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locus
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the particular site along a chromosome occupied by an allele
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meiosis
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cell division resulting in haploid gametes for sexual reproduction
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mitosis
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cell division resulting in diploid cells
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mutation
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a spontaneous error in mistake in DNA duplication, leading to change in the genome
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Phenotype
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outward appearnce of all traits, expression of genotype
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Pleiotrophy
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when we fin d a gene, doesn't combine for one trait. one gene affects a # of different characteristics. Doesn't control just one trait. one gene= multiple traits.
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Point mutation
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Changes bases: this changes codons, possibly affecting amino acids; can occur through substitutions, deletions or insertion
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Polygenic
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many genes affect that trait. one trait= many genes.
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Polyploidy
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whole sets of chromosomes added/duplicated. Diploid # may double to form tetraploid.
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meiosis
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cell division resulting in haploid gametes for sexual reproduction
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