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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic properties of all living things |
Order Reproduce Growth Obtaining energy Respond Regulate Adapt |
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Hierarchy of life |
Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules |
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What is the biosphere |
The world wide sum of all ecosystems |
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What are ecosystems |
A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
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What are communities |
An interacting group of various species in a common location |
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What are populations |
A group of organisms of a species living in the same habitat and interbreeding |
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Organisms |
An individual plant animal or single celled life form |
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Organs and organ systems |
What keeps an organism functioning and producing |
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Tissues |
What the organ systems are made of each serving a purpose |
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Cells |
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism |
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Organelles |
Inner workings of a cell |
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Molecules |
Basic building blocks of all things |
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What are the domains of life |
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya |
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Bacteria |
Consisting of prokaryotes- no membrane enclosing nucleus or other organelles, primarily unicellular and microscopic |
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Archaea |
Consists of prokaryotes- no membrane enclosing nucleus or organelles |
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Eukayra |
Cell membrane with an enclosed nucleus and organelles |
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Scientific method |
Observe Ask Predict Test Ask |
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Requirements for natural selection |
Reproduction Heredity Variation in fitness of organisms Variations in individuals and traits |
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How are species defines |
Biological Morphological Ecological Phylogenetic |
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Biological species |
Members of a population that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offspring |
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Morphological species |
Based on form |
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Ecological soecies |
Based on niches and roles within the community |
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Phylogenetic species |
Based on evolutionary relationships |
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What is a reproductive barrier and the two types |
Anything that prevents members of one or two species from producing viable, fertile offspring. Prezygotic or postzygotic |
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Pre zygotic barrier |
Preventing mating or fertilization Habitat Temporal Behavioural Mechanical |
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Post zygotic barriers |
Operating after fertilization Reduced hybrid viability Reduced hybrid fertility Hybrid breakdown |
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Habitat barriers |
Lack of opportunities to encounter eachother |
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Temporal isolation |
Different breeding seasons and times |
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Behavioural isolation |
Different mating rituals and courting behaviour |
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Mechanical isolation |
Incompatible reproductive systems |
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Reduced hybrid viability |
Offspring of a hybrid not living long enough to reproduce due to being week and frail |
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Reduced hybrid fertility |
Hybrid of a horse and donkey is a mule. Mules are sterile |
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Hybrid break down |
The first generation of a hybrid is fertile but the second is sterile |
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Allopatric speciation |
Geography prevents interbreeding therefore blocking gene flow |
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Monophyletic |
A group of organisms that includes all descendants from a single ancestor |
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Polyphyletic |
A group of organisms that includes all descendants from more than one ancestor |
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Paraphyletic |
A group of organisms that does not include all descendants from a common ancestor |
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What are protists |
Any eukaryote that is not a plant animal or fungus |
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What are the protist super groups |
Excavata SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta |
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Excavata |
Includes diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans. Have excavated feeding groove |
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SAR clade |
Strameopila Alveolata Rhizaria |
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Archaeplastida |
Plant like protists- green algae, red algae, and land plants multicellular |
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Unikonta |
Amoebozoans- amoeba and slime molds |
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Strameopila |
Diatoms- unicellular algae, important lipid reserves (arctic) brown algae -multicellular (kelp forest) Water molds- unicellular heterotrophic |
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Alveolates |
Dinoflagellates - unicellular autotrophs, heterotrophs and mixotrophs |
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Rhizaria |
Foraminiferans- calcium bicarbonate shell Radiolarians - silica shell |
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Defining characteristics of animals |
Ingestive heterotrophs Lack cell walls Tissue develops from embryonic germ layers Go through a metamorphosis Use directional motion |
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Animal life cycle |
Diplontic life cycle Haploid-egg and sperm Diploid zygote to adult |
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Radial symmetry |
Several planes of symmetry on one axis |
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Bilateral symmetry |
Single plane of symmetry multiple axis |
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Eucoelmates |
Two coelom cavities |
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Pseudocoelomates |
One large coelom cavity |
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Acoelomates |
No coelom |
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True tissue |
An integrated group of cells that share a common structure and function ex nervous or muscle tissue |
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Who has true tissue |
Clade eumetazoa has true tissue (everything but sponges/ perferian) |
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Protostomes |
Blastopore becomes mouth Lophotrochozoa and ecdyzoa clades |
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Deuterostomes |
Blastopore becomes anus Chordata and enchinodermata |
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Lophotrochozoa |
Annelids, molluscs, flat worms |
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Ecdyzoa |
Arthropods and nematodes |
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Chordata |
Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal gill arches/ slit, post muscular anal tail |
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Enchinodermata |
Bilateral and pentaradial symmetry ex sea stars, urchins and cucumbers have a hard endoskeleton of calcareous plates under skin |
