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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alkalosis
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The condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal.
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acidosis
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The condition in which the blood the blood pH is lower than normal.
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alkaline
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arterial blood is slightly more acidisis or alkaline than venouse blood
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distal tubule
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The part of the nephron that is important in regulation of blood pH.
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buffers
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Chemicals that prevent sharp changes in pH when an acid or base is added to a solution
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carbonic anhydrase
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The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid
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what is Edema?
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Atypical accumulation of IF fluid - tissue swelling.
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exs/ of Electroylytes?
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Salts, acids and bases.
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What does Electrolyte balance usually refer too?
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Only salt balance.
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What other facts may trigger ADH release via large changes in blood volume or pressure?
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Fever, sweating, vomiting, dirrhea, blood loss, and traumatic burns.
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What is Hypotonic Hydration?
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Cellular overhydration, or water intoxication.
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What is the main trigger for aldosterone release?
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Renin-angiotensin.
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Hypocalcemia
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low calcium levels in blood
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What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
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Hyperventiation
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What is Respiratory Acidosis?
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HYPOVENTILATION.
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What kind of waste does the kidneys eliminate?
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metabolic wastes
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what do the kidneys do for bp?
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regulate bp
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what do the kidneys do by filtration, reabsorption, & excretion
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regulate fluid volume
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what is glomerulonephritis?
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renal disease inflammation of the glumeruli or small blood vessels of the kidneys
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anuria?
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absence of urine
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Oliguria?
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Diminished or abnormally decreased flow of urine
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Polyuria?
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large amount of urine
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Nocturia?
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urination that occurs during the night
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Urinary hesitancy?
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A delay in starting the stream of urine
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Urinary retention?
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retaining or holding urine in the bladder
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Residual urine?
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urine left in the bladder after voiding
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Hematuria?
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blood in urine
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Dysuria?
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painful urination
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urge incontinence?
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involuntary loss of urine w/strong urge to urinate
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Stress incontience?
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increase in intraabdominal presssure caused by things like sneezing, laughing
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Overflow incontinence?
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poor contractility of the detrusor muscle or obstruction
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Retroperitoneal
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Behind the Parietal Peritoneum
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Reabsorption
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Step2 of Urine Formation. Useful chemicals reabsorbed into blood thru proximal tubule.
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Reabsorption
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movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood
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Renal Corpuscle
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'Beginning' of Nephron. Consists of: Bowman's Capsule & Glomerulus.
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Anatomy of Urinary System
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2 Kidneys-->2 Ureters-->Urinary Bladder-->Uretha(empties bladder)
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structures in order
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1. bowmans capsule
2 glomerulus 3. proximal convoluted tubule 4.hoop of henle 5. distal convoluted tubule |
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azotemia
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metobolic waste (urea, creatine, uric acid) in the blood
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3 functions of urinary system
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1, filter waste
2, electrolytes balance 3, maintain proper pH level |
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enuresis
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involuntary discgarge of urine after 5 years of age
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filtration
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filtering blood to process urine from waste products
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glycosuria
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glucose in the urine
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hemodialysis
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removal of chemical substances from blood
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micturition aka voiding
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urinatiing
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pyuria
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pus in the urine
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reabsorption
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ability of the kidneys to return certain products to the blood
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toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency
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uremia
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what is responsible for transporting, storing and eliminating the urine?
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ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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what are ureters responsible for?
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transporting urine to the bladder
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where do the ureters begin and end?
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begin at the renal pelvis and end at the urinary bladder
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what are the tips of the renal pyramids called?
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renal papillae
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Hypernatremia
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an excess of sodium in the blood plasma
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Hypokalemia
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low potassium
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during ______ water is attempting to equalize the dilution of the solutes
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Osmosis
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Electrolytes
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any substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water and is capable of conducting electricity
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Intracellular fluid (ICF)
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found within the cells of the body and accounts for about 2/3 of total body fluids ; provides a medium in which metabolic processes of the cell take place
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Extracellular fluid (ECF)
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found outside the cells and accounts for 1/3 of body fluid ;the transport system that carries nutrients to and waste products from the cells
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Electrolytes
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any substance that disassociates(breaks into) into ion solution; electrically charged
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Principle electrolytes in ECF
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sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
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Primary components of ECF
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plasma and interstitial fluid
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Filtration
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Movement from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) function
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regulates water excretion from the kidneys
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Atrial Natiuretic Factor (ANF)
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antidiuretic,
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Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) aka hypovolemia
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occurs when the body loses both water and electrolytes from ECF in similar proportions; volume of fluid remains isotonic
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Hyponatremia
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low sodium
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Hypocalcemia
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low calcium
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condition caused by bicarbonicate deficit
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Metabolic acidosis
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A solution that has a pH of 7 with an equal # of h+ & h- ions is ______
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neutral
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Respiratory alkalosis
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low co2
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Condition caused by bicarbonate excess
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metabolic alkalosis
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Repiratory acidosis
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lungs cant remove all co2
(too much co2) |
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Higher in ____ then superior vena cava
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Higher n pulmonary vein then superior vena cava
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metadosis
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is bicarbonate defect; suffer renal diseases, uncontrolled diabetes
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Acidosis
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increase in blood acid; resulting in decrease in blood pH; or too little base
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Before you can breathe co2 out it must
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diffuse out of the veins to go into the lungs to be breathed out
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buffers
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like sponges;prevents sharp change in pH when strong acid or base is added to it;;Aids in making sure pH stays close to neutral state
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Base
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has excess of hydroxide
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strong acid
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an acid that has very low pH
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Acid
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solution that has excess of hydrogen
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Strong base
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high pH
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Weak acid
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that partial ionizes in aqua solution [3-6 pH)
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Atrial blood=
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7.45 pH (slightly more alkaline)
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Ions
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electrical breakdown from atom or molecule (pos. or neg.)
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H= (OH-)=
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H= Hydrogen ions (h+) & hydroxide ions (OH-)
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3 hormones that regulate urine & where produced
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1. ADH- posterior pituitary gland-.decrease urine (antidurectic)
2.ANH-arterial wall of heart; increase urine (durectic) 3.aldozone-adrenal cortex-decrease urine (antiduretic) |
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what structure is in the urinary system & parrt of the circulatory system
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glomerulus
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what condition is the bladder unable to empty itself
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urinary retention
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which conditio can urinary catherization relieve
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urinary retention
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Fluid shift
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is water pushing force that pushes water out blood into IF
when complete |
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what do plasma proteins do
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act as water pulling, which helps with the pressure & helps it circulate
(((hold water force, which builds up ; this creates pressure))) |
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dehydration
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body attempt to compensate for blood loss
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