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104 Cards in this Set
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Needle Trees, S. Alaska to California. Sequoia forests (can get moisture out of for), and fir trees |
Temperate Rainforest |
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Exists in a band around the world. Broad leaf trees. Originally 20% of earth's surface, but 2/3 have been cleared |
Broad Leaf Rainforest |
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Type of monkey. Black to reddish brown, prehensile tail (can be used like an appendage), 15 lbs 2-3 ft long, 20 yr lifespan, eat mostly fruit and nuts, get eaten by jaguars and snakes, tease jaguars by throwing sticks to the ground, smiling at this monkey is a sign of aggression |
Howler Monkey |
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"white-faced monkey" named after a monk, soil living in mid-canopy, prehensile tail (can be used like an appendage), eats fruit insects small invertebrates. Eaten by eagles, large birds, jaguar |
capuchin monkey |
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primate found in Philippines, large eyes (do not move in head, can turn head 180 degrees each way), nocturnal predators, good hearing and eyesight |
Tarsier |
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Smallest known monkey. Playful and social, fast. Eats fruits and insects, lizards. Teeth project forward to nick bark of trees and collect sap. Live in families and will defend territory surrounding the sap well they made. |
Pigmy Marmoset |
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Bird follows army ants, excellent percher, can fly but don't often. |
Antbird |
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carrion feeder (dead animals). Uses smell to locate prey, can tear open dead carcasses |
king vulture |
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fish. 18 species, 4 are harmful to humans. Attracted to movement in water and blood in water, some species as dangerous as sharks, not all are meat eaters |
piranna |
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fish. 1,000 species. This one loves to eat piranna |
giant red tailed catfish |
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worlds largest freshwater fish. 10' or more. Good jumper. Native ppl use tongue and scales as sand paper |
arapaima |
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snake. Known to eat people. Relative of boa constrictor, not poisonous, 200-300 lbs and over 30 ft long, thick as a telephone pole. Takes prey under water. |
Anaconda |
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Snake. central america, yellow green or even pink, one of the smallest poisonous snakes, don't bother humans, attack quick inject poison and wait for prey to die. |
eyelash viper |
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snake. 6 species. green or brown, scales are symmetrical, arboreal (tree living), diurnal (active during day and night), not poisonous, tries to intimidate by opening mouth |
parrot snake |
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largest rodent in the world, good swimmer, enters the water to avoid predator, no tail, very friendly |
capybara |
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bug. amazon basin, snout looks like a peanut and used to scare predators |
lantern bug |
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beetle. Only the males have the horn |
rhinoceros beetle |
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large mandibles, amazonian's use their head and jaw for stitches |
army ants |
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largest tree in the amazon. 200 feet tall, top of tree has its own climate. leaves adapted from losing moisture from wind. wind distributes fluffy seeds. Has buttresses that support the size of it. Roots run close to the surface for maximum nutrient absorption |
kapok tree |
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ant. uses leaves as walls for their nest. Hold and squeeze grubs to exude a glue like substance and use to hold leaves together in a nest |
weaver ants |
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Relatives of the pineapple. leaves form a chalice where water collects and is used by animals in the canopy |
Bromeliads |
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snake. moves in a sideways fashion and sends ripples backward along downward pointing scales. This moves snake up the tree. It can jump between trees by flattening ribs and coiling as it moves through air |
Paradise snake of Borneo |
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bird. needs to approach the nest from a wide open space. Often has 2 chicks that need to be fed for three months |
Macaw |
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primate that eats cockroaches that live in holes in the trees |
Golden Lion Marmoset |
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parasite. has no leaves of its own, lives entirely on the inside of infected vines and only surfaces when it flowers. Flower smells like rotting flesh (called the corpse flower), spores are carried on the feet of pigs and other animals that walk on flower then kick them into uninfected vines |
Rafflesia |
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scorpion. Uses sensitive tips of its antennae to locate prey |
whip scorpion |
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one of the few creatures other than termites that eat rotting wood |
beatles |
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small mammal that eats the leaf litter one of these is found in Africa |
elephant shrew |
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hunters communicate this way because sound is good for communicating over many miles where sight cannot be used |
kicking the buttress of the kapok tree |
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bird. Uses display when mating. Males form groups and all display for female. Female chooses mate by taping one on the back |
Cock-of-the-rock |
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10-30 inches rain/year, hot summers and cold winters, high and low grass, few trees except along water. Fire required to keep trees and woody growth down. Grasses designed to withstand grazing without dying (blades thin & grow from bottom), many have been converted for farming |
temperate grassland |
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baobab tree, tropical grassland. Low clumps of trees. Prolonged dry periods followed by low or seasonal rainfall (30-60 inches), fires are common |
savanna |
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horn made fo keratin, circular hooves, hair longer in front of body, shorter toward hump, grazers, good swimmers and runners (60 mph), roads follow their migratory route. Largest animal in N. America. Like to graze around prairie dog towns because the prairie dogs keep the grass cut so it's always fresh. Bison are actually cattle. |
bison |
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buff colored rump. dark brown in the winter and tan in the summer. Males are larger than females. They're browsers. Their favorite food are dandelions. They're ruminants (cud-chewers), young calves have little to no scent. |
Elk |
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fastest land mammal in N.America. Good respiratory system. In N. America for over 1 million years. only member of its family. 40% of it's diet is cacti |
Sonoran Pronghorn Antelope |
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Males attract females by inflating neck sacs. They remain active in the winter. They have been decimated by sport hunting. They are native to coastal prairies but now limited to Texas. Subspecies is the heath hen, it was common in colonial times but hunted to extinction. Last one killed in 1938 |
Attwater's Prairie Chicken |
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live underground in "Towns" largest town in texas-- 100 miles x 250 miles with about 400 million in the town. Subspecies: Utah, Gunnison's, Mexican, White and black tailed gunnisons found in the rockies, and mexican found in mexico. Remains active in the winter |
prairie dogs |
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Gunnisons. live in colonies. 1 or 2 males. Females closely related. Females raid other females burrows and kill their offspring |
Black Tailed Gunnison's |
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Gunnison's. Found in Utah, smallest prairie dogs. Often called barking squirrel because they chirp bark or whistle for communication |
Utah Gunnison's |
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The only one of its kind that are native to N. America. Black Feet & mask. Member of the weasel family. Most active @ night-- predator of prairie dogs. A mother of 3 needs 140 acres to survive. Thought to be extinct in 1972, but in 1981 a do killed one. They are in good numbers now |
Black footed ferret |
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Largest member of the weasel family. Not aggressive. Powerful digger. They go after their prey by scent. Diet- mainly small mammals |
Badger |
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This animals runways are very noticeable. Territorial with a short lifespan. Owls, snakes, fish, weasels, will eat them. Reproduce in big numbers |
Meadow Vole |
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Insect. frequents carrion, likes mice, keen sense of smell-- can smell dead mice 2 miles away. Finds dead carcass, digs hole, cleans carcass, lays eggs in carcass, continually cleans it so larvae have clean food source |
American Burying Beetle |
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semi-arid with hot dry summers, cool moist winters, 65% precipitation in the winter time. Good examples of convergent evolution (similar plants and animals even though they are very isolated |
Mediterranean Shrublands |
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similar to desert. lack of undergrowth & are highly flammable (easy to burn) |
Chaparral |
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There are more termite mounds here than anywhere else in the world |
Brazil |
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The two animals shown living in the grasses are |
Rhino and bison |
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This animal has poor eyesight, hearing, but a great sense of smell. Their huge claws are used primarily for protection and not ripping open termite mounds, they have a 20 inch tongue that is used to eat worker termites. Their larger hairy tail is used to keep them warm at night |
anteater |
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some of these larvae lure insects to their nests to eat them by having a forehead that glows |
beetle |
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This is the largest insect eater. It can be over 100 lbs and it digs beneath the termite mounds to enter from the bottom |
Armadillo |
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these ants usually eat insect larvae |
carnivorous ants |
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these insects cannot eat on their own and need to be fed because their jaws are very specialized. They may be used as nippers, shears, blades, or even shoot spray |
Soldier Termites |
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These ants form colonies of over 20 million individuals and may have tunnels of 80-90 feet. They have special chambers where they feed cleaned grasses to a fungus, and then the ants eat the fungus. The lowest chamber of the nest is a refuse |
Leaf Cutter Ants |
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A ruminant that grazes only when it's light. This improves the ability of the animal to detect predators |
savanna deer |
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this lizard is a major threat to egg laying birds. It eats eggs present in the nest. |
Taego Lizard |
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Bird that drills into termite mounds the way their cousins drill into trees. Kestrels take over the abandoned holes of these birds |
flicker |
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These birds actually nest in ground tunnels. The chicks need to get feathers sooner to avoid predators |
Burrowing owl |
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large bird that will confront any intruders. These birds are polygamous and the male may guard a clutch of 50 eggs. The chicks of these birds call out from inside the egg so they all hatch at the same time. |
ostrich |
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this animal hunts alone and never forms packs. They are strongly vegetarians, but will eat birds if it can. |
maned wolf |
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The grasslands of Venezuela flood because of the large amount of this in the soil |
clay |
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these animals use raised hair, gnarling lips and little sound when they are in defensive mode |
coyote |
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High pressure deflects moisture away, cold air does not pick up as much moisture as warmer air, lee side of mountain gets little to no moisture, temp range: hot to cold, evaporation rate can be 7-50x precipitation rate, most of them receive enough moisture to support some type of life. |
Environmental factors that cause deserts |
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Largest US desert. Cold desert. surface: sand, gravel, clay. To the west is the Sierra Nevada rang, to the east is the Rockies. Water accumulates in the basin then evaporates. Great Salt Lake found here |
Great Basin Desert |
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Hot Desert. Death Valley is here (highest recorded temps in the world), temps freezing in the winter. Surface: sand, gravel, large salt flats. South of the Great Basin |
Mojave Desert |
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Ground Cuckoo, makes own nest unlike other cuckoos, rarely flies, relatively fast (15 mph), diet: insects, spiders, scorpions, snakes. Before giving its young solid food it gives it water from it's stomach & parents sit on the nest during the day to keep it cool. |
Road Runner |
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Small, jumping rodent that looks like a mouse. Relative of the pocket mouse-- jumps like a kangaroo. Active at night. Kidney Structured for water conservation so it doesn't have to drink ground water & can get water from food. Composed of uric acid produced by metabolizing protein, it is a waste product that is not damaging to cells and can be put into environment with little to no water. The dorcas gazelle also uses this |
kangaroo rat |
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Rattlesnake. One of the worlds largest and dangerous. more fatal bites than any other N.A reptile. Have hemolytic venom (damages oxygen transport and triggers immune response), pit viper (has heat sensitive pits below eye) |
Western Diamondback |
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Snake. Found Washington to Texas, wide range of habitats (sea level - 9,000 ft), diurnal and hunt by holding head high and moving it side to side. Uses tongue to capture sense molecules in the air and then uses Jacobson's Organ to "taste" the scents. Brumation (hibernation in the winter because of lack of water) |
Striped Whipsnake |
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Horned Rattlesnake. Only touches the surface of the earth in two places to keep it off the hot ground. Rodents: bitten, released, then tracked down. Lizards: held onto until dead. |
Side winder |
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Class arachnida. Not all are poisonous, 90 species in US. Group adapted for almost all environments, have been found even at 12,000 feet under snow. Found in most major biomes |
Scorpion |
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Larges scorpion in the US |
Hairy Scorpion |
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reptile. Vertical eye slits. Gets within an inch of prey, lunges to capture. Tail different colored and has units. If it's attacked the tail can break off and regrow later |
Western Banded Gecko |
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Only toxic lizard in the U.S, poison enters victim via grooved teeth in lower jaw near poison glans. Poison being studied to treat diabetes-- it stimulates the production of insulin. |
Gila monster |
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Can store water in bladder and use during long periods of dryness |
tortoise |
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worlds biggest desert covering 3.5 million sq miles. Freezing temps by night and hot by day. hottest temp recorded here 137 F |
Sahara |
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These two grassland animals painted inside caves indicate that Sahara wasn't always a desert |
Antelope and goats |
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This ancient tree is almost 3000 year old and survives because of it's root system |
Cyprus |
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1. Atakama, 2. Continent of ___, 3. Mongolian and Gobi |
1. near the andes in S.A, 2. Austrailia, 3. Middle East |
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This animal finds food by following smells in the sand |
Finnic fox |
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Best way for birds to cool themselves. Takes less energy than the panting in other animals |
Gular Fluttering |
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This male bird carries water back to young in nest by sitting in water and absorbing it into special belly feathers. No other bird has this water carrying device |
sand grouse |
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This mammal of S. Africa uses its tail to keep it cool |
Ground squirrel |
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These animals keep cool by losing heat through their ears |
Hedge Hog, Fennec Fox and S. American jackrabbit |
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This plant has leaves at 70 degree angle, this maximizes exposure to light and at the same time minimizes loss of water during the hottest periods of the day |
desert holly |
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This bush is an example of asexual reproduction. New plants form at the base of the old and form a ring around the old plant which dies. It survives in the Mojave desert because it can efficiently extract water. One ring can be 10,000 years old, this bush is considered by some to be the oldest living organism on Earth. Can survive 10 years without rain |
Creosote bush |
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One of the largest cacti in American desert. Stem can expand as it absorbs water, but water is poisonous to drink. 90% of their weight is water |
saguaro |
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these survive the dry season by getting moisture from underground tubers |
bushman of the kalahari |
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This plant has parts that look like a pine cone. This is the link between conifers and flowering plants |
velvichia |
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this beetle gets moisture from the fog by drinking dew that accumulates on its body |
darkling beetle |
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this toad comes out of estivation when the rains come and quickly reproduces. 24 hours later, tadpoles are in the water. Small tadpoles eat algae and the larger ones the algae eaters. This guarantees some of the tadpoles will survive and become adults. Decomposing tadpoles provide food for later growth of algae. |
The spade foot toad |
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This cave is so deep it can cover the Empire State Building. It is the largest cave shaft in the world |
Cave of Swallows |
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This animal lowers silken threads from the ceiling of caves, which act as a fishing line and are coated with mucus. This worm attracts prey by glowing at its tail. |
Glow worms |
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The largest underground river passage. A jumbo jet could fly through this. |
Deer Cave |
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3 million of these animals live in deer cave and produce Droppings (guano) that create the beginning of the food chain |
wrinkle lipped bats |
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These birds use echolocation to find their way in the caves. Their nests are made of threads of saliva and take 30 days to complete. They are used in bird nest soup and are worth as much as silver. Birds rebuild these nests if they are removed |
Cave Swiftlets |
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Flooded caves in mexico have been cut off for years. These caves filled with water. In Yucatan Peninsula, there are no rivers, lakes, or streams so the caves provided fresh water for the ______ people |
Mayan |
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This is a meeting of fresh and saltwater giving the appearance of air being in the chamber when it is actually filled with water |
halo cline |
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This is the longest and deepest cave in the world. Chambers are filled with crystals made of gypsum. The limestone was eaten away by sulfuric acid, not water. Only clear pools of still water are in the cave. Extremophile bacteria feed on the rock itself |
Lechuguilla |
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The water running from this cave in Mexico is colored white with sulfuric acid. bats survive this by staying close to skylights. Cave mollies survive here with low oxygen. Colonies of bacteria get energy from the sulfide gas |
Villa Luz |
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Animals that are born in the cave and never leave the cave are called _________. They have lost the pigment in their skin and their eyes as well. |
troglobites |
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Attacks the blood cells and also causes an immune reaction |
Hemolytic venom |
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Snakes stick tongue out and then put it in this organ to "taste" the air |
Jacobsons organ |
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Bat droppings. These are the beginnings of a food chain in a cave |
Guano |
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Living in the trees |
Aboreal |
