Bio Lecture Quiz Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis

Front 1

Overall reaction of photosynthesis

Hint: Plants use 3 things and create 2 new things

Back 1

Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and light energy to create carbohydrate(s) and oxygen gas

Front 2

Why thank green plants?

Hint: 3 things they do

Back 2

They convert light energy to useful chemical energy

They convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules such as carbs

They release oxygen gas (O2) from water

Front 3

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

Back 3

It is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

Front 4

How is the electromagnetic spectrum used in science?

Back 4

It is used to study and characterize matter.

Front 5

Why don't plants use ultraviolet light for photosynthesis?

Back 5

Each photon of ultraviolet light contains too much radiation for most biological systems.

Front 6

Why don't plants use infrared light for photosynthesis?

Back 6

Each photon of infrared light does not contain enough energy to do useful work in a biological system.

Front 7

Why do plants use visible light for photosynthesis?

Back 7

Each photon of visible light contains just enough energy to excite the electrons of molecules without causing damage to the cell.

Front 8

What are photons?

Back 8

Particles of packets of light aka sunlight.

Front 9

Photons vibrate but there is a factor that determines how much it vibrates. What is that factor?

Back 9

Each photon carries a fixed amount of energy which determines how much it vibrates.

Front 10

What is wavelength?

Back 10

The distance moved by a photon during one of it's vibrations.

Front 11

How is wavelength measured?

Hint: think feet, inches, etc.

Back 11

Nanometers

Front 12

Different colors we humans can see is just:

Back 12

Different wavelengths of visible light

Front 13

The wavelengths of visible light is between ___nm and ____nm

Back 13

380 nm and 750 nm

Front 14

Longer wavelengths of light have slower vibration of photons. Does this mean photons have more energy or less energy?

Back 14

Photons with longer wavelengths have less energy

Front 15

Do shorter wavelengths have more or less energy than longer wavelengths?

Back 15

Shorter wavelengths of light have more energy.

Front 16

Sunlight contains:

__% ultraviolet radiation

__% infrared radiation

__% visible light

Back 16

4% ultraviolet radiation

52% infrared radiation

44% visible light

Front 17

X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, and visible light are all part of the:

Back 17

Electromagnetic spectrum

Front 18

What are the two types of chlorophyll?

Back 18

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

Front 19

What are the two type of carotenoids?

Back 19

Carotenoids and xanthophyll

Front 20

What is a photosynthetic pigment?

Back 20

A pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.

Front 21

What can be separated by using paper chromatography?

Back 21

Photosynthetic pigments

Front 22

Name the 5 parts of the chloroplasts

Back 22

1. Inner membrane

2. Outer membrane

3. Thylakoid membranes

4. Thylakoid space

5. Grana stroma

Front 23

Are chloroplasts found in animal or plant cells?

Back 23

Plant cells

Front 24

What is a chloroplast?

Back 24

Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell.

Front 25

How do chloroplasts produce food?

Back 25

They convert light energy of the sun into sugars that can be used by the cells.

Front 26

What are the 3 major accomplishments of light dependent reactions?

Back 26

1. Converts light energy into chemical energy (ATP)

2. Oxygen is released from water molecules

3. Uses hydrogen to convert NADP+ to NADPH

Front 27

Step 1 of light dependent reaction

Back 27

Light hits the chloroplast and absorbs it

Front 28

Step 2 of light dependent reaction

Back 28

Chloroplast channels the light down to the reaction center

Front 29

Step 3 of light dependent reaction

Back 29

Electron is excited and increases energy, it is received by an electron acceptor. The electron is taken from the splitting of water.

Front 30

Step 4 of light dependent reaction

Back 30

Electron is transported along a series of electron carriers. It loses energy as it moves so it uses hydrogen from the cytoplasm to compensate. The hydrogen is diffused from ATP to ADP.

Front 31

Step 5 of light dependent reaction

Back 31

The electron is then used to reduce NAPD to NADPH. Also reduced hydrogen.

Front 32

Name the 2 major accomplishments of light independent reactions

Back 32

1. Carbon dioxide reduced to form carbohydrates

2. Products of the light dependent reactions used NADPH and ATP

Front 33

In this process, sugars are made from carbon dioxide. Name that process.

Back 33

Light-independent reaction

Front 34

Light dependent reactions rely on sunlight while Light independent reactions do not. Do both reactions rely on each other?

Back 34

Yes

Front 35

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Back 35

The Calvin Cycle is a set of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis

Front 36

What process does light-independent reaction use to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (sugars)?

Back 36

Calvin cycle

Front 37

Step 1 of the Calvin Cycle

Back 37

Grab: A five carbon, carbon catcher catches one molecule of carbon dioxide and forms a six-carbon molecule

Front 38

Step 2 of the Calvin Cycle

Back 38

Split: the enzyme RuBisCO breaks the six-carbon molecule into two equal parts. Uses energy of ATP and NADPH.

Front 39

Step 3 of the Calvin Cycle

Back 39

Leave: A trio of three carbons leave and become sugar. The other trio moves on to the next step.

Front 40

Step 4 of the Calvin Cycle

Back 40

Switch: Using ATP and NADPH, the three carbon molecule is changed into a five carbon molecule.

Front 41

Step 5 of the Calving Cycle

Back 41

The cycle starts over again.

Front 42

Is the Calvin Cycle light-dependent or light-independent?

Back 42

Light independendt

Front 43

This happens in the Calvin Cycle

3O2 + 6 NAPDH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP

What does this mean?

Back 43

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Front 44

This happens in the Calvin Cycle

(G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8P!

What does this mean?

Back 44

Inorganic phosphate

Front 45

What are Photosystems?

Back 45

Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis.

TL;DR; the structural unites involved in photosynthesis and actually helps carry photosynthesis out.

Front 46

Photosystem 1

Back 46

P700, makes NADPH, does not take place first

Front 47

Photosystem 2

Back 47

One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thykaloid membrane; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a, makes ATP and uses electrons from light.

Takes place first.

Front 48

NADPH

Back 48

One of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules. Provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Front 49

ATP

Back 49

Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. A molecule that stores and then releases energy in living organisms.

Front 50

Rubisco

Back 50

Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin Cycle.

Front 51

Red light waves

Back 51

Longer wavelength than violet but shorter than infrared waves

Front 52

Blue light waves

Back 52

Are shorter wavelengths used in photosynthesis

Front 53

Calvin cycle

Back 53

Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars

Front 54

Electrons

Back 54

What is transported during photosynthesis

Front 55

Thylakoid membrane

Back 55

Contains pigments, photosystems, ATP synthase, and an electron transport train and is responsible for the light-dependent aspect of photosynthesis