Bio Lecture Exam 2

Front 1

induced dormany

Back 1

environmental factor forces dormancy, can be removed but remains dormant till something else triggers it

Front 2

enforced dormany

Back 2

held in check by environmental factor, but when removed does not remain dormant.

Front 3

seed germination test

Back 3

mean days === n1t1 + n2t2...nxtx/// total # of seeds germinating

Front 4

cool temperature tolerant plants

Back 4

can germinate from about 40 F to tethal limit. broccoli, carrot

Front 5

cool temp requiring plants

Back 5

fail to germinate at temps higher than 77 F. celery, lettuce.

Front 6

warm temp requiring plants

Back 6

fail to germinate at less than 50 F. beans, eggplant.

Front 7

leaves have

Back 7

blade, petiole, and stipule

Front 8

simple leaves have

Back 8

one blade.

Front 9

pinnately netted

Back 9

dicot, one main vein

Front 10

palmately netted

Back 10

many main veins come out from single place, then branch out

Front 11

axillary buds

Back 11

axil of leaf is angle b/t stem and petiole.

Front 12

diffusion

Back 12

high to low concentration.

Front 13

direction of phloem transport

Back 13

source to sink

Front 14

source

Back 14

solute particles actively transported into sieve lements, produce low h2o potential.

Front 15

sink

Back 15

solute particles are transported out of sieve elements, raising water potential. water leaves sieve elements b/c of their high water potential.

Front 16

adhesion

Back 16

attraction of h2o molecules to another substance

Front 17

cohesion

Back 17

mutual attraction of water molecules to each other

Front 18

tension

Back 18

created by cohesion of h20 molecules.

Front 19

capillarity

Back 19

rise of h2o in a column due to adhesion to surface of wall and cohesion of h2o.

Front 20

gravitational water

Back 20

free water that filters down through the soil

Front 21

capillary water

Back 21

capillary movement in soil.

Front 22

hydroscopic water

Back 22

adheres to soil particles so tightly roots can't get it

Front 23

components of soil

Back 23

sand, silt, clay, humus.

Front 24

order of ions held to negatively charged particles such as clay or humus:

Back 24

H > Ca > Mg > K > Na.
H is tightest so can easily replace other ions.

Front 25

chopkn's cafe, managed by my cousins clyde and molly

Back 25

CHOPKN'S CaFe, Mg BMn CuZn Cl Mo

Front 26

macronutrients

Back 26

C H O N P K Mg Ca S

Front 27

Micronutrients

Back 27

Fe Mn B Cu Zn Cl Mo

Front 28

nitrogen

Back 28

necessay part of proteins. helps with rapid growth. deficency- light green appearance in leaves, older leaves first, stunted growth.

Front 29

phosphorus

Back 29

essential part of photosynthesis process. deficiency- dark green leaves, fruit and seed production stopped.

Front 30

potassium

Back 30

not part of structure but helps build things. deficiency- older leaves yellow around margins and die, fruit irregular.

Front 31

calcium

Back 31

part of plant wall structure, affects membrane permeablility. defiency- reduced growth, death of growing tips, roots become short and thickened.

Front 32

magnesium

Back 32

part of chlorophyll molecule. activates enzymes for growth. deficiency- yellowing b/t leaf veins, older leaves first. poor fruit production.

Front 33

sulfur

Back 33

essential for production of protein, improves root growth, resistance to cold. deficiency- yellowing of leaves, young leaves first, weak stems

Front 34

micronutrients

Back 34

mostly involved as parts of enzymes, with photosyn and resp.

Front 35

iron deficiency

Back 35

yellowing b/t veins of young leaves, leaves eventually become white.

Front 36

photosynthesis equation

Back 36

6CO2 + 12H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2.

Front 37

light reactions

Back 37

in thylakoid membrane, give off 6O2. Produce ATP and NADPH. Photons jump to excited state then go down ctyochrome complex.

Front 38

dark reactions

Back 38

carbon dioxide is fixed, taken up by RuBP. Uses energy from ATP and NADPH to isolate carbon and build glucose.

Front 39

C4 metabolism

Back 39

specialized leaf structure. CO2 forms 4C organic acid. stores CO2 in these compounds. but takes 2 more ATP to run calvin cycle.

Front 40

respiration equation

Back 40

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + liberated energy.

Front 41

glycolysis

Back 41

in cytosol. produces 2 pyruvate. releases CO2. produces 6 ATP, 2 NADH.

Front 42

krebs cycle

Back 42

in mitochondira. GDP changes to GTP.

Front 43

electron transport chain

Back 43

1NADH hands off electron, produces 3 ATP. 1 FADH2 produces 2 ATP.