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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who coined the term of essentialism
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aristotle
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biological species concept
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species are groups of actually or potentialy interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups
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what does reproductive isolation ensure
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separate gene pools
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problems with biological species concept
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asexual species, fossil species, geographical isolates
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phylogenetic species concept
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smallest aggregate population or lineage which can be united by shared, but derived characteristic
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monophyly
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evolutionary relatedness and
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cladistic analysis
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scientific search for clades
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clades
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any group that shares a common ancestor
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monophyletic
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an ancestor and all its descendants
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synapomorphies
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shared derived character
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pleisomorphy
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ancestral character
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how do species form natural populations do form new species
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all the elements of evolution
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allopatric speciation
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species form in geographic separation from each other
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sympatric speciation
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species form in the same geographic area
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isolating mechanisms
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structural and/or behavioral modifications that prevent interbreeding
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prezygotic
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mechanisms that prevent mating
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post- zygotic
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mechanisms that prevent the formation of successfull hybrids
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temporal isolation
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habitat isolation populations live indifferent habitats and do not meet
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behavioral isolation
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little or no sexual attraction exists between populations 0
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mechanical isolation
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a
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macroevolution
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diversification of life
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microevolution
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changes within gene frequencies among populations of the same species
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factors that affect changes in gene frequencies
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environment birth and death rates, the environment, reproductive success, sexual selection, predation and resource use
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macroevolutionary changes
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cumulative changes acquired over many thousands of speciation events
evolutionary novelties are important |
