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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics |
Field of Biology that deals with heredity |
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2 hypothesis of Genetics |
• Blending hypothesis • Particulate hypothesis |
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Blending Genetics |
material from two parents blend together |
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Particulate |
parents pass on discrete heritable unit |
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Gregor Mendel |
father of genetics, Austrian monk, mathematician |
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Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by studying ________ |
Pea Plants |
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Character |
Pertains to a physical aspect of the pea plant. (Mendel studied seven of them) |
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Traits |
Variations of each character. (For each of the seven characters, Mendel observed a distinct binary variation) |
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Parental generation (P) |
Mating two parent plants with contrasting traits |
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First filial generation (F1) |
Mating the first offspring of the parent generation |
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Second filial generation (F2) |
Mating first offspring of the first filial generation |
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According to Walter Sutton (1903): |
chromosomes carry the units of heredity |
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William Bateson, Edith Rebecca Saunders |
Coined the term allele |
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Allele |
variations in the gene sequence that codes for a specific trait |
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DNA |
the biomolecule that contains the hereditary information for an organism |
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Gene |
a specific sequence in DNA that codes for a particular trait |
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Homozygous |
• If the alleles are identical, the trait is referred to as |
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Heterozygous |
• If the alleles are different, the trait is referred to as |
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Homozygous dominant |
Dominant trait is seen |
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Heterozygous |
dominant allele masks recessive allele |
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Homozygous recessive |
recessive allele is free to be seen |
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Genotype |
genetic composition
(Homozygous dominant, heterozygous, homozygous recessive) |
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Phenotype |
physical appearance (Purple vs. white flowers) |
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Mendel's 1st Postulate |
Unit factors for heredity come in pairs: • The traits of an organism is controlled by a pair of alleles (one maternal, one paternal) |
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Mendel's 2nd Postulate |
Dominance and recessiveness: • If the alleles are different (heterozygous), the dominant allele can mask the recessive allele |
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Mendel's 3rd Postulate |
Segregation: • These alleles are separated during the formation of gametes (homologous chromosomes separated during A1) |
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Incomplete Dominance |
When the phenotype (appearance) of the heterozygous offspring is a blend of that of contrasting homozygous parents |
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Co-Dominance |
When the phenotype (appearance) of the offspring is a patchwork of that of the parents |
