Bio Lab Quiz 8

Front 1

What are the characteristics of plants?

Back 1

- multicellular
- autotrophic
- eukaryotic
- non motile
- cell wall made of cellulose

Front 2

define Food Supply:

Back 2

through photosynthesis, plants convert inorganic substances into complex organic molecules
- oxygen a by-product
- ALL animals depend indirectly or directly on plants for food

Front 3

define Oxygen:

Back 3

by-product of the photosynthesis
- returned to atmosphere where used by animals

Front 4

define Fossil Fuels:

Back 4

ALL oil, gas, and coal deposits that are derived from remains of fossilized plants

Front 5

define Drugs:

Back 5

many are derived from plants
ex) aspirin

Front 6

define Industrial Products:

Back 6

many substances isolated from plants have important commercial and industrial uses
ex) cotton, linen

Front 7

define Aesthetic Benefits:

Back 7

most regions of the earth's surface are characterized by the type of vegetation they support

Front 8

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Back 8

any type of reproductive process that involves a fusion of sex cells

Front 9

define Gamete:

Back 9

a sex cell
-sperm cells (male gametes)
- egg cells (female gametes)

Front 10

define Fertilization:

Back 10

the fusion of sex cells

Front 11

define Zygote:

Back 11

the cell produced by the fusion of a sperm and egg
-a.k.a. fertilized egg

Front 12

define Asexual Reproduction:

Back 12

any type of reproductive process that does not involve a fusion of sex cells

Front 13

define Spore:

Back 13

a reproductive cell that can grow into a new organism without fusing with another cell

Front 14

define Sporangium:

Back 14

a structure that produces spores

Front 15

How do plants reproduce?

Back 15

sexually(gametes) AND asexually (spores)

Front 16

define Sporophyte:

Back 16

spore-producing phase of the life cycle
- asexual

Front 17

define Gametophyte:

Back 17

the gamete-producing phase
- sexual

Front 18

define Frond:

Back 18

the dominant organ of the plant body which is the leaf (in ferns)

Front 19

What are Fiddleheads?

Back 19

young leaves that have not yet fully developed have a very characteristic appearance and are often spiral shaped

Front 20

What are Sori?

Back 20

sporangia that are usually grouped into clusters on underside of leaf on fern

Front 21

define Prothallus:

Back 21

the gametophyte of a fern that is a small, heart-shaped structure
- produce the two sex organs: antheridia/archegonia

Front 22

define Antheridia:

Back 22

produce sperm cells that swim to the eggs contained in the archegonia
(male)

Front 23

Habitat: Terrestrial vs. Aquatic:

Back 23

- most algae confined to aquatic habitats
- mosses and ferns typically found in moist habitats because they need water to complete sexual reproduction

Front 24

Unicellular vs. Multicellular Sex Organs:

Back 24

the gamete-producing structures of algae are characteristically single-celled, while the sex organs of other groups in plant kingdom are always multicellular

Front 25

define Vascular Tissue:

Back 25

- most terrestrial plants contain this
- specialized for the transport of materials through the plant body

Front 26

define Xylem:

Back 26

a type of vascular tissue found in plants responsible for transporting water

Front 27

define Phloem:

Back 27

a type of vascular tissue found in plants responsible for the transport of food molecules (sugar)

Front 28

Spores vs. Seeds:

Back 28

ALL terrestrial plants produce spores and only few produce seeds in addition to spores

Front 29

define Hilum:

Back 29

- a small depression on the concave surface of the seed
- represents the point at which the seed was originally attached to its parent plant

Front 30

define Seed Coat:

Back 30

outer, hardened layer of the seed that serves to protect its contents from the external environment before germination

Front 31

define Embryo:

Back 31

the young plant contained within the seed

Front 32

define Radicle:

Back 32

the embryonic root and will develop in the root system of the mature plant

Front 33

define Plumule:

Back 33

composed of the embryonic leaves

Front 34

define Cotyledons:

Back 34

- the two large, fleshy structures that form the bulk of the seed that are highly modified leaves
- filled with stored food and provides nourishment for young embryo
- the big leaves on a plant

Front 35

What are the types of seed producing structures? (2)

Back 35

seeds may be borne in:
- cones (pine tree)
- flowers (fruits developed)

Front 36

What are the 3 different divisions of algae?

Back 36

1) Division Rhodophyta (red algae)
2) Division Phaeophyta (brown algae)
3) Division Chlorophyta (green algae)

Front 37

What are the main characteristics of algae?

Back 37

- multicellular, aquatic organisms w/ unicellular reproductive structures
(although some can be unicellular)

Front 38

define Bryophytes:

Back 38

- small, simple terrestrial plants that lack vascular tissue
(mosses and liverworts)
- produce sporangia & spores but NOT seeds
- lack an efficient transport system

Front 39

define Ferns:

Back 39

- represents the spore-producing phase of the life cycle
- large w/ vascular tissue

Front 40

define Gymnosperms:

Back 40

- members of the divisions Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Coniferophyta
- "naked seed" because seeds are born uncovered on the surface of the individual scales that make up cones
ex) pine trees, junipers

Front 41

What are the main characteristics of Flowering Plants?

Back 41

- member of the Division Anthophyta
- called angiosperms
- can be found in all regions of the world, almost all habitats, and exhibit a variety of growth forms

Front 42

define Angiosperms:

Back 42

"enclosed seed"
- dominant plants on earth today
-a.k.a. fowering plants

Front 43

define Sepals:

Back 43

small, green leaf-life structures found at base of flower
(called stipules on a leaf)
- protect the young flower in bud

Front 44

define Petals:

Back 44

- large, brightly colored structures are petals of flowers
- purpose is to attract potential pollinators to the flower

Front 45

define Stamens:

Back 45

the pollen-producing organs of the flower
- each consists of an elongate stalk, the filament, and pair of anthers
- pollen grains produced in the anthers will give rise to the sperm cells needed for sexual reproduction

Front 46

define Gynoecium:

Back 46

the large structure in the center of the flower
- lower portion termed the ovary and contains ovules
- upper portion modified to form a stigma, the site where pollen grains are deposited
- the style connects the stigma to the ovary
- sperm cells contained in the pollen grains will fertilize egg cells in the ovules of flower which then develop into seeds
- as seeds develop, ovary wall enlarges and forms a fruit and acts as a dispersal stage