Bio Lab Flashcards

Front 1

sponges (porifera) have how many tissue layers?

Back 1

two; ectoderm(epidermis) and endoderm (gastrodermis) also hae mesoglea

Front 2

Flatworms (platyhelminthes) have how many tissue layers?

Back 2

three; ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm (form true muscles)

Front 3

Nematodes have how many tissue layers? and what kind of cavity do they have?

Back 3

3, same as flatworm;have pseudocoelom, cavity other than digestive cavity but muscles are only associated w/ body wall and not gut

Front 4

what are planarians?

Back 4

freshwater flatworms, move by cilia on ventral surface, everts their pharynx to eat, are photoactic, and flow against stream (rheotaxis)

Front 5

what is a hydrostatic skeleton?

Back 5

trapped water that serves as strucutral support and provides something for muscles to pull against for movement

Front 6

what is the anatomy of a male ascaris (round worm)?

Back 6

males have a curved posterier

Front 7

what is the anatomy of a female ascaris (round worm)?

Back 7

vaginal opening is 1/3 of the way towards the posterior, larger than males, genital organs in a Y shape, two arms are uteri, and base is the vagina

Front 8

What are annelids?

Back 8

segmented worms that are excellent burrowers; has 3 classes: polychaeta, oligochaeta, and hirundinea(leeches)

Front 9

what is the anatomy of the earthworm?

Back 9

Cuticle made of a chitinous layer, has both circular and longitudinal muscle, innermost layer is the peritoneum, three layered intestine,

Front 10

what does the typhlosole of the earthworm do?

Back 10

increase surface area.

Front 11

describe the nervous system of the earthworm.

Back 11

has a ventral nerve cord, dorsal margin has three giant fibers that conduct the messages signaling simultaneous contractions in all segments

Front 12

how do the earthworms move?

Back 12

produce sinusoidal waves along the legnth of the body, muscles contract in groups, producing shortening and extending

Front 13

what are the first successful group of terrestrial animals?

Back 13

Arthropods; they are the most dominant phylum

Front 14

which antenna of the pill bug is used for exploration?

Back 14

the second; first is vestigal(degenerated strucutre)

Front 15

what is thigmotaxis?

Back 15

a response to tactile stimulation, ie. legs of sow bug must touch something

Front 16

what is the telson of a sow bug(isopod)?

Back 16

tail area

Front 17

what is the Molluscan basic body type?

Back 17

unsegmented and soft with and epithelial mantle that secretes a calcareous shell, and anterior head and ventral foot(head foot), dorsal visceral body mass, and a mantle cavity containing the ctenidia

Front 18

describe the clam.

Back 18

Bivalve; waterpumping and filtering organisms,

Front 19

what is an umbo?

Back 19

oldest part of the shell in a bivalve

Front 20

describe class polypacophora

Back 20

chitons; cling onto rocks in the interdial zone, has an extensive foot and lacks tentacles or sensory organs on the head (molusca)

Front 21

describe class gastropoda

Back 21

snails; characterized by a spiral shell and torsion, where the body twists 180 degrees with reference to head and foot, has an operculum which blocks the shell opening (gastropoda)

Front 22

what is an operculum?

Back 22

a tough doorlike strucutre that blocks the shell opening, protects head and foot when inside the shell

Front 23

describe the class cephalopoda

Back 23

squid and octopi; have large head and eyes, has a developed brain and central nervous system, eight or ten arms sucking discs, moves rapidly, have a closed circulatory system (mollusc)

Front 24

what defenses do squids(cephalopoda) have?

Back 24

saliva has poisons, has an ink sac(next to rectum) that distracts predators, pigment cells that change color, are agile, and have good sense of sight

Front 25

describe squid intercourse.

Back 25

sperm is ejaculated and transferred to female by the male's specialized arm. Female estrudes eggs thru her funnel and fertilizes them. eggs are protected by secretions and then placed below tidelines on rocks.

Front 26

what is the ctenidium?

Back 26

feathery gills of squid, place where blood is oxygenated

Front 27

what are the nidamental glands?

Back 27

secrete the outer capsules of the egg masses

Front 28

what are echinoderms?

Back 28

entirely marine, highly specialized animals, include starfish, sea urchins, sandollars, sea cuumbers, etc.

Front 29

describe the anatomy of a starfish (piaster)

Back 29

five rays and a central disc. mouth on the bottom, anus on aboral surface

Front 30

where is the madreporite on a starfish?

Back 30

located at the junction of two discs

Front 31

where are the eyespots located on the sea star

Back 31

at the tips of the discs, may curl up to sense light

Front 32

what is the ambulacral groove?

Back 32

groove down the middle of each ray, has two rows of soft thin tubes at the feet

Front 33

what happens during feeding of a seastar?

Back 33

starfish everts its stomach through its mouth and inserts it into the open bivalve shell. food goes to stomach where its digested by disgestive glands, therefore anus and intestine are reduced

Front 34

describe the vascular system of a sea star

Back 34

s ahepd tube that connects the madreporite to the ring canal. ring canal connects to many tube feet and a small sac (ampulla) which is above the groove.

Front 35

describe class asteroidea

Back 35

sea stars; oral surface is ventral, madreporite is oral,

Front 36

describe class holothuroidea

Back 36

sea cucumber; bilateral symmetry; are suspension feeders, feed on animals and plants, they are chief scaventers of the oceans bottom, has no arm, spne, pedicellariae, and exoskeleton

Front 37

describe the class ophiuroidea

Back 37

echinoderm, brittle stars, central disc with jointed limbs attached, lack anus and pedicellariae

Front 38

describe class echinoidea

Back 38

sea urchins and sand dollars; herbivores,tube feet are long and slender,large gut

Front 39

describe class crinoidea

Back 39

sea lillies and feather stars; stalked and flowerlike, has a cuplike central disc (calyx)

Front 40

describe class concentricycloidea

Back 40

sea daisies; just discovered in 1986, only echinoderm where water vascular system has two ring canals and than in grooves radiating out from the center

Front 41

describe the subphylum cephalochordata (chordate)

Back 41

includes animals w/o backbones and complex vertebrates, all have a notohord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a dorsal, tubular nerve cord. ex. branchiostoma (Amphioxus)

Front 42

describe the subphylum vertebrata (chordate)

Back 42

has a complex endoskeleton that protects internal organs, provides structure, and attachment centers for skeletal muscles

Front 43

what are appendicular skeleton?

Back 43

include limb and limb girdles

Front 44

what are axial skeletons?

Back 44

include skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum