Bio Lab Chapter 13

Front 1

mitosis prepares for ___

Back 1

cytokinesis

Front 2

G1/2-
S-

Back 2

-Gap 1/2
-Synthesis

Front 3

phase where majority of cellular activity for the functions of a cell occurs

Back 3

G1phase

Front 4

Many cell-specific proteins and other molecules are produced for the metabolism of the cell during ___

Back 4

G1 phase

Front 5

during ___, the DNA composing the chromosomes is duplicated

Back 5

S phase

Front 6

chromosmal DNA strands

Back 6

chromatids

Front 7

sister chromatids are attached at a ___

Back 7

centromere

Front 8

at the end of ___ each chromosome consists of an identical pair of chromtatids

Back 8

S phase

Front 9

How long does mitosis last?

Back 9

less than 10% of the cell cycle

Front 10

How long does the cell cycle last?

Back 10

10-30 hours

Front 11

___, such as ___, may spend more then 10% on mitosis

Back 11

-dividing cells
-rapidly growing tissues

Front 12

___, such as ___, may rarely enter the M phase

Back 12

-static cells
-bone cells or neurons

Front 13

cytokinesis begins in ___ and conludes in ___

Back 13

telophase, G1 phase

Front 14

cytokinesis is highly variable in ___

Back 14

length and timing

Front 15

___, such as ___, may undergo mitosis without cytokinesis and produce multinucleic cells

Back 15

-tissues
-striated muscle fibers and some algal filaments

Front 16

what are the main goals of mitosis?

Back 16

-separates genetic material
-reconstitutes a nucleus to house each set

Front 17

two microtubule organizing centers

Back 17

centrioles

Front 18

an axis of proteinaceous microtubules between centrioles

Back 18

polar fibers

Front 19

a bridge of mcrotubules that extend between centrioles

Back 19

mitotic spindle (spindle apparatus)

Front 20

a complex of proteins that bind to the centromere

Back 20

kinetochore

Front 21

attach to each chromosome's kinetochore

Back 21

kinetochore fibers

Front 22

at poles of the cell, the centrioles radiate ___ outward in addition to the spindle apparatus

Back 22

an array of microtubules

Front 23

the array of microtubules brace the centrioles against the ___

Back 23

cell membrane

Front 24

the arrangement of micortubules radiating from a centriole

Back 24

aster

Front 25

plant cells lack ___, but ___ still form between opposite points of the cell

Back 25

-centrioles and asters
-spindle fibers

Front 26

animal cell that are deprived of ___ will still form a spindle apparatus. chromosomes will eventually distribute themselves on the spindle apparatus and are moved and separated to opposite poles

Back 26

centrioles

Front 27

the vegetative cells of many organisms such as fungi are ___ rather than ___

Back 27

-haploid
-diploid

Front 28

events in interphase

Back 28

-DNA replicates and begins to condense
-centrioles are replicated in animal cells

Front 29

events in prophase

Back 29

-the mitotic spindle begins to form
-polar and kinetochore fibers comprise he mitotic spindle
-chromosomes continue to condense

Front 30

events in metaphase

Back 30

-the chromosomes align on a plane in the center of the cell

Front 31

events in anaphase

Back 31

-the sister chromatids separate

Front 32

events in telophase

Back 32

-mitotic apparatus disassembles
-cytokinesis begins

Front 33

cytokinesis in animal includes formation of a ___ that begins on the periphory of the cell, pinches inward, and eventually divides the cytoplasm of two cells

Back 33

cleavage furrow

Front 34

___ are commonly cultured fish whose eggs and early developmental stages undergo rapid cell division (as do all embryonic cells)

Back 34

whitefish

Front 35

an early embryonic stage of a vertebrate which consists of a sphere of 25-10 cells with a high frequency of different mitotic stages

Back 35

blastula

Front 36

our model to study cellular replication in plants is the root tip of ___

Back 36

Allium (onion)

Front 37

root tips of plants contain ___ which are localized areas of rapid cell division due to active growth at the root tips

Back 37

meristems

Front 38

in plant cells, cytokinesis includes formation of a partition called a ___ that is perpindiculat to the axis of the spindle apparatus

Back 38

cell plate

Front 39

the cell plate forms in ___ and grows out to the ___ and will separate the two cells

Back 39

-middle of the cell
-periphery

Front 40

what region of a root has the most mitotic activity?

Back 40

meristems

Front 41

why is pinching of the cytoplasm inadequate for cytokinesis in plant cells?

Back 41

the cell wall would stay intact

Front 42

what is the volume of the two new cells formed by mitosis to a mature cell?

Back 42

same volume