Bio-L 102 Final

Front 1

The amount of pressure difference between highest and lowest pressure areas within a pure tonesound wave is called the _________. It is measured in units of ________

Back 1

amplitude

decibels

Front 2

In humans, hair cells are located within:

Back 2

the cochlea &

the otolith organs and semicircular canals

Front 3

Sound wave frequency is measured in units of ___________, and is related to our perceptionsof_________.

Back 3

hertz

pitch

Front 4

cochlear implants

Back 4

can restore some hearing to people with dead or damaged hair cells

Front 5

sound is produced when

Back 5

objects vibrate

Front 6

People with sensory processing disorder often avoid making eye contact during aconversation because:

Back 6

they are easily overwhelmed by sensory input, and not looking at a face helps themfocus on the conversation

Front 7

One function of the human ear canal is to:

Back 7

protect the delicate tympanic membrane by allowing it to be far from the ear opening

Front 8

People who lose their hearing as they get older appear to be at higher risk of developing:

Back 8

dementia

Front 9

True or false: ultrasound travels long distances in water or air

Back 9

false

Front 10

Your vestibular system provides your brain with input that allows you to:

Back 10

-sense which way is down

-sense the direction in which your head is moving

-prevent your vision from blurring when your head moves

-maintain your balance and upright posture

Front 11

In bats and dolphins, the process of echolocation involves ____________ to _____________:

Back 11

analyzing reflected sound; get images of the nearby environment

Front 12

Which type(s) of input does your brain use to create your conscious perception of yourspatial orientation and movement?

Back 12

-input from otolith organs

-Input from semicircular canals

-input from the touch system

Front 13

your brain uses head and pinnae cues to

Back 13

determine the locations of sound sources

Front 14

as sound travels through our pinnae and toward our ear drums,

Back 14

some frequencies are amplified and others are reduced

Front 15

we can learn to use new sets of head and pinnae cues if

Back 15

our pinna change shape

Front 16

Middle ear infections most often occur after:

Back 16

the Eustachian tube swells shut, causing the middle ear to fill with fluid

Front 17

The ability to hear infrasound is thought to allow some animals to

Back 17

-detect thunderstorms, earthquakes, and tsunamis from far away

-communicate over long distances

-communicate using ground-borne sound

Front 18

you can sense the locations of "silent" objectsbased on

Back 18

analyzing how these objects reflect or obstruct sounds emitted by other objects

Front 19

Using their lateral line system, fish can do all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 19

sense which way is down

Front 20

Metabolic exhaustion in cochlear hair cells:

Back 20

-can contribute to temporary and permanent hearing threshold shifts

-involves overly-active hair cells using up their energy and oxygen reserves

-involves overly-active hair cells producing too many damaging oxidants

-is reduced by taking quiet breaks

Front 21

True or false: hair cells detect motion and are very sensitive to slight movements

Back 21

true

Front 22

True or False: the sensory receptor cells that dolphins use for echolocation are located in their melons

Back 22

false

Front 23

"Place coding" refers to the fact that the brain uses information on the ________________ of the hair cells that respond to a sound to determine the __________________.

Back 23

the location (along the length of the cochlea); frequency of that sound

Front 24

place coding works for:

Back 24

all frequencies

Front 25

Interaural level differences are differences in ________________ between the soundreaching one ear versus the sound reaching the other ear. They provide cues that help usdetermine __________.

Back 25

amplitude; the locations of sound sources

Front 26

hair cells detect:

Back 26

motion

Front 27

cochlear implant

Back 27

Device that uses electrodes to stimulate auditory neurons

Front 28

hearing aid

Back 28

Device that amplifies sounds before they reach the eardrum

Front 29

basilar membrane

Back 29

Membrane that gradually changes width & stiffness along the length of the cochlea

Front 30

Otolithic membrane

Back 30

Membrane that is much heavier than surrounding structures

Front 31

asymmetric ear openings

Back 31

Found in some owls; enhances sound localization abilities

Front 32

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Back 32

Middle-ear membrane that vibrates when it encounters air-borne sound waves

Front 33

melon

Back 33

Structure used by dolphin to transmit ultrasound clicks into the water

Front 34

Eustachian tube

Back 34

Structure that ventilates the middle ear

Front 35

outer hair cells in cochlea

Back 35

Cell that rapidly changes shape to help fine-tune the functioning of the cochlea

Front 36

barn owl

Back 36

Animal with facial disks and exceptional sound localization abilities

Front 37

infra sound

Back 37

Sounds of lower frequencies than humans can hear

Front 38

Outer hair cell in cochlea

Back 38

Sensory receptor cell that detects linear movements of the head and gravity

Front 39

elephant

Back 39

Animal that can hear infrasound

Front 40

Hair cell in lateral line organs

Back 40

Sensory receptor cell that detects the movement of water next to the skin

Front 41

cave fish

Back 41

Animal with no outer or middle ears and a lateral line system

Front 42

ultrasound

Back 42

Sounds of higher frequencies than humans can hear

Front 43

inner hair cells in cochlea

Back 43

Sensory receptor cell that transduces sound

Front 44

tip link

Back 44

Structure that connects a stereocilium to its taller neighbor