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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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natural selection
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a population can change over generations if individuals that possess certain heritable traits leave more offspring than other individuals
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"evolutionary" adaptation
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an accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms' ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments
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scala naturae
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Aristotle recognized certain "affinities" among things, concludes that life-forms can be arranged on ladder. Each form of life, parfect and permanent, had alotted ring
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taxonomy
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founded by Linnaeus, branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms; nested, not linear like scala naturae
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catastrophism
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each boundry layer between strata represents a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought, that destroyed many species living at the same time, proposed by Cuvier
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gradualism
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contrast catastrophism, profound change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow but continuous process, gradual mechanisms currently working in world; Hutton
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uniformitarianism
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Lyell incorporated Huttons thinking, same geological processes operating today as in past, at the same rate
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acquired characteristics
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pass modifications on; giraffe had get long neck by stretching, then pass the longer neck on
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descent with modification
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Darwin's initial phrase for the process of evolution
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artificial selection
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human modifiying other species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that posess desired traits
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homology
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similarity resulting from common ancestry
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homologous structures
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arms, forelegs, flippers and wings of different mammals that represent variations on a structural theme that was present in their common ancestor
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biogeography
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geographic distribution of species
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endemism
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islands showcases of the influence of geography on evolution; have many species not found anywhere else in the world
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analogous structure
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all the differnt types of wings; similar function
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