Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What evolutionary trait gave plants complete freedom from hydro-dependency?
|
The advent of pollen
|
|
|
what reproductive changes separate the none seed plants from the seed?
|
the reduction of the gametophyte
|
|
|
What is synapomorphy?
|
derived character state shared by two or more terminal groups of a particular phylogeny
|
|
|
green modified leafs used to protect the flower
|
Sepals
|
|
|
colorful portions used to attract insects
|
Flowers
|
|
|
male reproductive organ
sporophylls produce microspores |
Stamen
|
|
|
Carpel
|
female gametophyte
sporophylls produce megaspores |
|
|
seeds are made of what?
|
Three generations of plants
|
|
|
Integument
|
seed coat for protection
sporaphyte parent 2n diploid |
|
|
nutrient
|
feeds the new plant
gametophyte parent n haploid |
|
|
embryo
|
New plant
developing sporophyte 2n diploid |
|
|
four gymnosperms
seedless/cone bearers |
cycadophyta(palm like)
pinophyta/coniferophyta(evergreen gingkophyta(fan leaf) gnetophyta(desert strap leaf) |
|
|
fruit types develope from
single carpel separate carpels same plant clusters of flowers other flower parts and carpel |
fruit types
simple aggregate multiple accessory |
|
|
Double fertilisation
|
two sperm per pollen
one fertilizes egg other fuses with 2 haploid nucleus forming a 3n nucleus in megasporangium used to nourish embtyo |
|
|
What id the difference between monoecious and dioecious
|
the former contains both the mega and microsporangiate flower on the same plant while the latter has each flower on separate ones
|
|
|
What is the difference between the monocots and eudicots?
|
The former contains only one cotyledon during development and the later has two
|
|
|
Most basal of existing angiosperms
Tracheids |
Amborella
|
|
|
vessel elements originated here
second of the basal groups |
Water lilies
|
|
|
third basal group
|
Star anise
|
|
|
Basal group
|
a phylogenetic group that breaks off prior then the rest of the clade
|
|
|
3rd largest angiosperm group
carpels and stamen in a spiral |
magnoliids
|
|
|
1 cotyledons(seed leafs)
flower parts in 3 single grove pollen scattered vascular bundles parallel leaf veins |
Monocots
|
|
|
2 cotyledons
flower parts in 4's or 5's triple grove pollen ring vascular bundles branched leaf veins taproot |
eudicots
|
|
|
How do mycelium grow and why?
|
by length not gerth
cell division and differentiation all to increase surface area |
|
|
types of Asexual fungal reproducion
|
Budding
spores conidia(naked spores hyphae end) Fission |
|
|
difference of fission and budding
|
The later is an uneven split the former is an even split
|
|
|
difference of septate and coenocytic hyphae
|
the former has the nucleus seperated by cross walls the later has continuous multinucleic cytoplasmic mass
|
|
|
how are mycorrhizae mutualistic with tree roots
|
fungi hyphae infect plant either ecto or endo giving plant more SA for absorption and they take sugar
|
|
|
fungus and photosynthetic alga or bacteria
|
Lichen
|
|
|
single celled or colonial
saparobes or parasites Asex and Sex zoospores(single flagella) only single flagelated fungi |
Chytridiomycota
|
|
|
mutualist(mycorrhizan)or saparob
coenocytic(no pores)absorbative hyphae Septate(found where repo cells are) |
Zygomycetes
|
|
|
Ascomycetes(sac fungus)
|
decomposers mutualits
lichens mycrrhi or pathogenic septate hyphae(pores) |
|
|
Basidiomycetes(club fungus)
|
rust and smut
septate hyphae(pores) Sex only |
|
|
Deuteromycetes
|
NO sexual stages
little known, can be place in other groups by molecular data |
|
|
opisthokonts are?
|
plants animals and fungal
|
|
|
Parthenogenesis
|
A sexual reproduction via unfertilized egg
|
|
|
a false live birth in which the egg remains within the mother but is nourished via egg yoke
|
Ovoviviparity
|
|
|
life birth
egg retained nourished via mom |
viviparity
|
|
|
egg develops outside the mom
|
Oviparity
|
|
|
types of animal skeletons
|
hydrostatic
endo exo |
|
|
what are the stages of cleavage
|
zygote
eight cell cleavage Blastual(hallo ball) gasturlation(enfolding) gastrula(layers) |
|
|
Acoelomate
|
area between the gut and body filled with mass of mesenchyme cells
|
|
|
Psudocoelmate
|
only muscle on one side of the digestive/body seperation
|
|
|
coelmates
|
muscles on both sides
|
|
|
hydrostatic skeleton
|
fluid filled stretchy tissue able to morph
|
|
|
Blastopore=mouth
spiral cleavage schizocoelous |
Protostome
|
|
|
Blastopore=anus
indeterminate enterocoelous |
Deuterstome
|
|
|
Sponges
asymmetrical np true tissue(parazoa) |
Proifera
|
|
|
Pinacocytes
|
Cells that for the epidermis
|
|
|
Porpcytes
|
cells that form the pores/ostia
|
|
|
amoebocytes
|
cells that form mesohyl
phagocytocis transport of nutrients via psudeopoda |
|
|
how do sponges create current
|
choanocytes
|
|
|
Hydras/Jellies/coral/anemones
radial symmetry blind gut true tissue simple nerves |
Cnidaria
|
|
|
Nematocysts
|
stinging cells of cnidaria
|
|
|
ctenophora
|
comb jellies(eight rows of plate
true gut true tissue biradial nerve net |
|
|
Lophotrochozoans
|
triploblastic
ventral nerve cord bilateral anterior brain |
|
|
platyhekminthes
Evolutionary reversal |
flat worms
acoelomate simple organs blind gut |
|
|
spiralians
|
nemertea
annelida mollusca |
|
|
annelida
|
spiral cleavage
coelmate segmented closed circulatory |
|
|
Polycgaeta VS oligocgaeta
|
many VS few Bristles
|
|
|
Mollusca
|
ceolomate
spiral cleavage foot mantle viscus mass |
|
|
polyplacophora
|
chiton
eight plates internal fert |
|
|
Bivalvia
|
clams and filter feeders
2 shells eye spots external fert scrap algea |
|
|
gastropoda
|
snails
slugs prey on bivalve or scrap algae |
|
|
cephalopoda
|
octopus
squid natiluses preditors ink |
