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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of how organisms interact with their environment?
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ecology
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What are the levels of the heirarchy of the biota?
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species, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes
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What are nonliving components that include air, water, and soil called?
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abiotic
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What are living components that consist of other members of the organism's own species as well as individuals of other species
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biotic
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What are organisms that are introduced into a region where they do not naturally live
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exotics
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What is organismal ecology
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how individuals interact with each other and their physical environment
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what is population ecology
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how and why the population size change over time
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what is community ecology
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how species interact and the consequences
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what is ecosystem ecology
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how energy and nutrients cycle through the environment
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what is the effort to study, preserve, and restore threatened populations, communities and ecosystems
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conservation biology
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what is the climate?
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long term weather conditions
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what is the weather?
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short term atmospheric conditions
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What is the major cycle in global air circulation that is responsible for making the amazon river basin wet and the sahara dry?
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Hadley cell
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what are regular, annual fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, or both
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seasons
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what is specific heat
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the capasity for storing heat energy
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what is a rain shadow
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the dry region on the side of a mountain range away from the prevailing wind
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what is a biome
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a type of terrestrial ecosystem that is unique to a given region and is characterized by a distinct type of vegetation
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what are the terrestrial biomes?
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artic tundra
boreal forest temperate forest temperate grassland subtropical desert tropical wet forest |
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characteristics of a tropical wet forest
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rain forests that are found in equatorial regions where rain fall is high adn variation in temperature is low
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what is the total amount of carbon fixed by photosynthesis per unit per year?
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productivity
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what is the total mass of living plants, excluding the roots
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aboveground biomass
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what is the total amount of carbon that is fixed per year minus the amount of fixed carbon oxidized during cellular respiration
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net primary productivity
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what is the uppermost layers of branches that is intermingled with vines
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canopy
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what are plants that grouw entirely on other plants
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epiphytes
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what are prairie/steppe/pampas?
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an extensive grassland. typically found in dry interiors of continents in the temperate latitudes
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what are most tundra soils that are in the perennially frozen state called
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permafrost
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what are bodies of standing freshwater classified as:
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lakes, ponds, or wetlands
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what are the plants that grow above the surface of the water called
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emergent vegetation
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what consists of the shallow waters along the shore, where flowering plants are rooted
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littoral zone
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what is the open water that recieves enough light to support photosynthesis called
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limnetic zone
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what is the substrate that provides habitat for burrowing animals and bacteria called
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benthic zone
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what are regions of the littoral, limnetic and benthic zones that recieve sunlight a part of
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photic zone
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what are regions that do not recieve light a part of
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aphotic zone
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what lack trees and typically exhibit a slow but steady rate of water flow and are typically connected to lake or stream systems
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marshes
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what are similar to marshes but are dominated by trees and shrubs
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swamps
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what develop in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistant and the water is largely stagnant so oxygen is used up during decomposition of dead organic matter faster than it enters via diffusion from the atmosphere
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bogs
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what is the complete mixing of upper and lower layers of water that occurs each spring and fall in temperate-zone lakes
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turnover
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what is the gradient in environmental temperature across a large geographic area
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thermocline
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what are bodies of water tha move constantly in one direction
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creeks < STREAMS < rivers
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what is the environment that forms where rivers meet the ocean
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estuary
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what consists of a rocky, sandy, or muddy beach that is exposed to the air at low tide but submerged at high tide
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intertidal zone
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what extends from teh intertidal zone out toward the open ocean to depths of about 200m
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neritic zone
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what is the gently sloping, submerged portion of a continental plate that is at the edge of the neritic zone
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continental shelf
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what is the open ocean which ranks as the most unproductive environment on Earth
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oceanic zone
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