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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genetic change that occurs over generations in response to natural selection in a population
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adaptation
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What is a phenotypic change that occurs in an individual in response to a short-term change in environmental conditions
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acclimatization
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What is a highly intergrated group of cells with the same structure and function
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tissue
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What are the four basic types of tissue
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Connective, nervous, muscle, epithelial
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Most muscle tissue is _______, which consists of the long cells called muscle fibers. controlled by the nervous system
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striated muscle
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________ makes up the walls of the heart. The cells branch and directly connect with each other. Some contract spontaneously
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cardiac muscle
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_______ cells are tapered at each end and form a tissue that lines the walls of the digestive tract and the walls of arteries.
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smooth muscles
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______ is made up of cells that are loosely arranged in a liquid, jellylike, or solid extracellular matrix
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connective tissue
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the ______ cover the outside of the body and line the surfaces of organs. These tissues consist of laters of tightly packed cells
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epithelial tissues
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The ______ side faces away from other tissues and toward the environment; the _______ side faces the animal's interior and is connected to other tissues
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apical; basolateral
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_______ make up nervous tissue
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neurons (nerve cells)
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What is a structure that serves a specialized function and consists of several tissues
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organ
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what consists of tissues and organs that work in conjunction to perform a function
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organ system
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What is the maintenance of relatively constant chemical and physical conditions in an animal's cells, tissues and organs
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homeostasis
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cells are bathed in internal fluid called the ______
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interstitial fluid
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What is homeostasis that occurs by conformation to the external environment
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conformational homeostasis
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What requires a physiological mechanism that adjusts the internal state to keep it near a specific value or within limits that can be tolerated, reguardless of the external conditions
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regulatory homeostasis
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What is a structure that senses some aspect of the external or internal environment
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a sensor
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What is a component of the nervous system that evaluates the incoming sensory information and 'decides' if a response is necessary to achieve homeostasis
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an integrator
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what is any structure that helps to restore the desired internal condition
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an effector
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what occurs when the regulatory system makes a change in the opposite direction to a change in internal conditions
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negative feedback
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many animals can control their body temperature through what process?
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thermoregulation
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_____ keep their body temperature constant
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homeotherms
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_______ experience changes in body temperatures
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heterotherms
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