Bio Ii - Chapter 33 - Deuterostome Animals

Front 1

Name the three phyla that are recognized as deuterostomes

Back 1

Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata

Front 2

What are the five major lineages of Echinoderms

Back 2

1-feather stars and sea lilies
2-brittle stars and basket stars
3-sea cucumbers
4-sea stars
5-sea urchins and sand dollars

Front 3

Name four characteristics of Echinodermata

Back 3

*are named for the spines/spikes in many species
*are bilaterally symmetric as larvae but are radially symmetric as adults
*have a water vascular system
*produce calcium carbonate plates under skin to form an endoskeleton

Front 4

What is a water vascular system?

Back 4

a series of fluid-filled tubes and chambers that form a hydrostatic skeleton
*can consist of tube feet- enlongated fluid-filled structures and podia- sections of tube feet that are involved in motion along a substrate

Front 5

Name characteristics/examples of phylum Hemichordata

Back 5

(acorn worms)
*has one of the four characteristics of Chordata- pharyngeal gill slits that function in feeding and gas exchange

Front 6

What are the four morphological features of phylum Chordata

Back 6

1-pharyngeal gill slit
2-notochord
3-dorsal hollow nerve cord
4-muscular tail that extends past the anus

Front 7

Name and descibe the three subphyla of Chordata

Back 7

1-urochodates-(tunicates) are suspension feeders living attached to hard substrates in the ocean
2-cephalochordates-also known as lancelets, which look like fish
3-vertebrates-have a vertebral column

Front 8

In aquatic vertebrates, ____ develop from the pharyngeal pouches and function in gas exchange

Back 8

gills

Front 9

What are somites?

Back 9

segmented blocks of tissue that help to organize the vertebrate body plan

Front 10

When were the first vertebrate fossils to contain bone in the form of an exoskeleton found?

Back 10

480 million years ago

Front 11

When did the first vertebrates with jaws appear?

Back 11

430 million years ago

Front 12

When did tetrapods(animals w/ 4 limbs) make the transition to land?

Back 12

357 million years ago

Front 13

When were vertebrates with cartilage endoskeletons first found in the ocean?

Back 13

530 million years ago

Front 14

What is a stiff tissue that consists of scattered celles in a gel-like matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers

Back 14

cartilage

Front 15

What is the lineage of vertebrates that include all tetrapods except amphibians and are named for their adaptation of the amniotic egg as a reproductive structure?

Back 15

Amniota

Front 16

What has a watertight shell or case enclosing a membrane-bound food supply, water supply, and waste repository

Back 16

amniotic egg

Front 17

The _____ protects the embryo

Back 17

amnion

Front 18

The _____ is a membranous pouch that contains nutrients for the growing embryo

Back 18

yolk sace

Front 19

The _____ is a membranous pouch that holds waste materials

Back 19

allantois

Front 20

The _____ seperates that amnion, yolk sace, and allantois from the albumen and provides a surface were gas exchange between embryo and the surrounding air can take place

Back 20

chorion

Front 21

What were the first vertebrates that could breed in terrestrial environments

Back 21

tetrapods

Front 22

Amniotic eggs have _____ that minimize water loss as the embryo, bathed in liquid, develops inside

Back 22

shells

Front 23

An amniotic egg also contains a membrane-bound supply of water in a protein-rich solution called _____

Back 23

albumen

Front 24

the embryo is enveloped in a protective inner membrane called ______

Back 24

amnion

Front 25

What are the three sections of a vertebrate brain?

Back 25

Forebrain- smell
Midbrain- vision
Hindbrain- balance/hearing

Front 26

Give characteristics/examples of the Chordata groups Myxinoidea and Petromyzontoidea

Back 26

(Hagfish/Lamprey)
*only vertebrates that lack jaws
*lack paired fins
*hagfish lack a vertebral column but lampreys have small pieces of cartilage

Front 27

Give characteristics/examples of the Chordata group Actinopterygii

Back 27

(Ray-Finned Fishes)
*gills covered by operculum
*most ancient living vertebrates to have skeleton made of bone
*have a gas-filled swim bladder
*most diverse group of all vertebrates

Front 28

Give characteristics/examples of the Chordata group Chondrichthyes

Back 28

(Sharks, Rays, Skates)
*have cartilaginous skeleton, external gill slits, jaws, paired fins, teeth are modified scales

Front 29

Give characteristics/examples of the Chordata groups Actinistia and Dipnoi

Back 29

(Coelacanths and Lungfish)
*lobed-finned fishes- fins that are supported by an array of bones and muscle
*amphibians arose from these fish

Front 30

What are the four lineages of the Chordata group Reptilia

Back 30

Turtles, Snakes/Lizards, Crocodiles/Alligators, Birds

Front 31

Give characteristics/examples of the Chordata group Amphibia

Back 31

(Frogs, Salamanders, Caecilians)
*lay eggs in water and adults live on land
*most ancient tetrapods
*external fertilization with aquatic larval stage

Front 32

Name some major characteristics of the Chordata group Reptilia

Back 32

*produce a shelled egg
*have keratinized epithelium- protects skin from water loss
*have modified scales, claws, feathers, beaks
*internal fertilization

Front 33

A shell composed of bony plates that fuse to vertebrae and ribs, and a bony beak are characteristics of what Reptilia group

Back 33

Testudinia (Turtles,Tortoises)

Front 34

Differently placed eyes/nostrils that allow them to sit underwater for extended periods with 21 known species are characteristics of what Reptilia group

Back 34

Crocodilia (Crocodiles,Alligators)

Front 35

Name characteristics/examples of the Reptilia group Lepidosauria

Back 35

(Lizards, Snakes)
*lizards have developed jointed legs
*snakes lack external ear holes
*snakes can dislocated their jaw/ can have some remnants of limbs

Front 36

What Reptilia group is the only group that are endotherms (animals that regulate their body temperature internally) which is aided by special lungs and a four chambered heart?

Back 36

Aves (Birds)

Front 37

____ are modified scales that allow flight

Back 37

feathers

Front 38

Give characteristics/examples of Mammalia group Monotremata

Back 38

(Platypuses, Echidnas)
*most ancient group of mammals
*lay eggs, no placenta
*produce milk; have lower metabolic rates than other mammals

Front 39

Give three basic characteristics of Chordata group Mammalia

Back 39

*endothermic
*hair or fur
*mammary glands that produce milk

Front 40

What are the two main groups of primates?

Back 40

Prosimians- before monkeys
Anthropoids- human like

Front 41

How are anthropoids distinguished from prosimians?

Back 41

anthropoids have fully opposable thumbs

Front 42

Name four characteristics of primates

Back 42

*have eyes infront of their face
*nails are flattened and are efficient at grasping
*large brains
*complex social behavior, and extensive parental care of offspring

Front 43

Rodents, bats, hooved mammals, whales, seals, elephants, primates, and all other mammals that are placental mammals are in which Mammalia group

Back 43

Eutheria