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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pliny
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1st century C.E.
Rome Naturilis Historia |
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Herodtus
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5th cent B.C.E
Greek national identity, us-them "father of history" Histories Stores, travel |
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France 1700s
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Human variation invetigated
culutral/biological start of race concept |
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3 Reasons Race Important to pre1900 USA
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Immigration
Slaves Landowner ship/claim over natives |
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Naturalization Acts
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1790,95,98
1st: citizenship for whites who is white? eg, Italians |
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Armchair/Speculative Period
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1492-1840
Non-scientific, hypotheical |
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Moundbuilders possibilies
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Lost Israel tribe
Atlantians Asians Hindoos Humans? |
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Thomas Gage
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1648
scientific N.Americans look like Asians |
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Possibilites for why Natives can't make mounds
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Metals
Too primative for sophiscated building on this scale Mounds dated too old Natives forget who made Tablets w/writing |
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Caleb Atwater
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1820
Hindoos for Moundbuilders |
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Thomas Jefferson
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1820's (?)
scientific excavations Strata not just treasure hunting |
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James Smithson
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.5Million $ for smithosonian
- diffusion of knowledge British 1826 donated |
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Epraim Squire/Edward Davis
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1848 Publication, first for Smithsonian
Detailed systematic study Moundbuilders slightly speclative |
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Cyrus Thomas
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1882-1894
Beureau of Ethonlogy Native Amer. 2000 sites studied Indians could build Mounds young enough Smallpox kill~75% ppl forget about culural heriatage |
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Monogenism
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single source/Adam/Eve
variation form climtate, and degenratism |
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Polygenism
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multiple starting points
many adam.eve unequal and distnict races Hybirds=bad American School |
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Degneratism
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Like Monogeism
Bibical Falling of man |
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Samuel Morton
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1839
Carnia Americana empiricst, much data published 1000s of skulls brain size=intelligence Cacausisan-Mongol-American-Ethopian Inconsitant caution inconsistant sex distrution used Peruvians(small) for N.Americans Excluded small Hindoos, for Cacusain ~75% of Ethopians=women After adustments for fairness, little difference Monographs Skewed picres, F.Horizontal |
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Louis Agaissiz
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Hardvard, Comparitive Zoology, Fish
any variation=sepreate sp. -polygeny creationist charasimatic, $ geographic correltion to race no data, studied fish |
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Phrenology
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Franz Gall(1758-1878)
Phrenos=mind, Greek roots of craniomety, anthroptometry 19th, popular |
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Paul Broca
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Broca's area for langauage
Broca' Aphaisa, trouble w/syntax Ranking -Cranial Index -Women |
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Cranial Index
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Broca
Doliocephalc, ratio <.75 Brochephilic ratio >.8 Dolio-elongated, Euro large frontal lobe=smarts -African, elongated back, animalsistic |
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Broca's female Brain
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Women=less intelligent
proxy for inferirs easy to study, at home |
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Franz Boas
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Hevy sampling
CI varies within population, ontogeny Immigrant with CI diff from kids -enviro AMerican arhopology |
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Ceaser Lombroso
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Criminality
Facial features |
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Gemmules
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Darwins's theory fo inheritence
Galton (cousin) disproves- rabbits Darwing protests, maybe not in blood 1800s |
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Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
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Aquried Chararestics
ontongeny recapilutes phylongeny philosphical eg, giraffes late1700s-early 1800s |
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August Weisman
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Test aquaried characteristics
mice tails somatic vs. gamete gamete for inheriitence, changes in somatic=nothing |
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Gregor Mendel
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Pea plants
Principle of Segergation -genes in pairs, get one from each parent Principle of Independant Assortment -independant traits |
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Eugenics
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Galton
Positive-Breed up the good Negative-Keep bad from breeding Historametry -Promeninant ppl. grouped in family Twin studies, genes importnant Galton's tatisitics, fingerprints |
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Heritability
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Variation of pop. ttributable to genes
h^2= G^2/P^2, P^2=G^2 + E^2 |
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Social Darwinism
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Herbert Spencer
Survival of the fittest |
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Thomas Malthus
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1800s
Economic, food linear,pop exponetial social dawinism roots |
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American Eugeneics
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Negative
1710, unfitdefined by genes 1927, Buck vs. Bell |
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Buck v. Bell
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1927
Sterlized "retarded" woman, and sis |
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Vesetcomy, Tubual Ligation
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Cut gemete tubes to sterlize
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David Starr Jordan
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1800s
dysgeneics- negative eugenics American Breeder Assoc.-- A.Genetics.A Comitte on Eugenics ERO- Euge Record Office |
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Height of American eugencis
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1910-1940
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Harry Laughlin
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1900s
Immigation Act Superintendent of ERO Admit slaves disadvantaged due to conditions not genes Pioneer Fund |
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Immigration Acts
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1921
1924 H. Laughlin Limit Poland, Italy, Russia immigrants |
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End of US Eugenics
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WWII- unpopular- racist,Nazi
Herman Muller-fruitfly 1900s Mutations behavior as complex trait recessive alleles persistance |
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J. Rushton, Arthur Jensen
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Rushton, pres of Pinoeer fund
modern IQ by race -persistant, 80% heritable -misuse of terms |
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Pioneer fund
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study racial diff
eugenucs dontaes $ |
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William Dickens, James Flynn
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can't trace IQ gap between whies/blacks to origin
blacks are getting smarter faster |
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214 Genes influencing nervous sys
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evolve in primates ~30% faster than other mammmals
50% for devoplement of nervesys (polygenic) matience/physiology, same rate |
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microcephaly
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nervous genes mutate
small head, -2stddev at birth ~2% newborns High functioning- walk in 2yrs, some speech Low fucntiong- die early severity of effect, clues to elutionary plasticity of gene |
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Walker's Races
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Negroid
Cacusoid Mongoloid Australoid ...Khoisonic |
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Systema Naturia Races
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1758
Linneus Americanus Europus Asiaticus Afer Monstrous Ferus |
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Johann Blumbach
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coined "cacusiod"
whites as ancesteral condition orginate/purest, Gerogia (Balkans, Caucuses) |
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Carleton Coon
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Racail Adaptations 1982
races w/georaphic regions pure center, mixed edges |
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Sub species, Race
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geographically,ecologically, morphologically defined arbitra divison of sp.
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Bioogical Sp. Concept
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Ernst Mayer
Reproductive isolation |
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Allopatric speciation
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vicarance event
geogrpahic seperation of pop |
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Polytypic
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has subsp.eg chimps
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Ethncitiy
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culture, customs, language, regional affiliation
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Three Brothers
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3 children defined as different races from same parents
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One Drop
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any minority heritage, you are the minotrity
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Hetero/Homogametic
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XX-fem(homo)
XY-male(hetero) Animals can be other way around |
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X inactivation
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inactivated X-barr body
only one X can be expressed diff cell line can express diff X (fem have twoX) eg, CC the clonecat- genotypical identical, phenotypical diff |
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X chrosoome
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1098 genes
4% all human genes 10% genetic disorders -male always gets disorder (oneX) Psudoautosomal region, recombine on X, Y at tips |
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Evolionary history of XY
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300mya from autosomal to sex
major characters evolve beofre primate radiation-150mya |
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Y Chromosome
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54 genes homolagous w/Y
6 times smaller than X 15 unique genes -male specific decay in nonrecombing parts- lose genes- small |
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XY Recombination
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competition
sex specific Y shrinks, become male specific Y fully male X 2/3 female |
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Chimps w/fewer Y genes
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sperm competiton
Polyandry-selective enviro losses outwieghed by sperm gains Humans have pair boding, harems |
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SRY Gene
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determines maleness
Y chrom triggers male in female embryos little sex recombination to protect vital SRY DAX- female, SRY overirdes -can only override one, mutationw/ 2 DAX=XY female |
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MAternal Fetl conflict
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Ychromsome-parasite
father wants max invest, mother min |
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Homosexulaity
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gay bro, 4x likely for sibling also
monogenetic(ID) tiwns 50% cocordant for orientation, 20% faternal(dizygotic) Dean Hamer -1993, linkage at top of X(75%) gay men H-Y, multi mothers accumalte antigens that inhibit, HY helps devopl male brain, later child=more likely for homo 2005 Mustanski, chrom7 linkage mtDNA, ~female specific, lower mitochondir count, lower sperm, less fetile, gay? Animals exhibit homo behavior |
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Pheremones
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Savic 2005
Vomernasal organ (jacobson) -not rigged up in humans AND(male sweat, testosternoe) -trigger reaction in fem, gay EST(fem urine, estrogen) -trigger reaction in male,gay singals in hypthanlus/olfactory |
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Hypothalamus
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visceral
automatic emotion unger, thirst temp sleep, wake hormones |
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Why homosexuals around?
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2-6% homosexaul men
reproductive adv of heterozygote -fem like sensitive altrism, kin's offrspring get resources X might have some fem help, male bad genes |
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Edward Wilson
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Sociobiology
1975 unity of fields genetic predispostions |
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Standard Social Sci Model
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no genetic influence
tabua rosa |
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David Reimer
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Mutalites penis
try to grow up as girl fails, discontent gentic influence |
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Genetic imprinting
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genes "know" from dad/mom
Angelman/Prader-Willi Turner's |
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Angelman/Prader-Willi
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Chrom15 deletion/absence
if have dad's angel -language, puppet, laughter, retardation if have mom's prader -obsity, eating, weak, retard |
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Turner's
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monosomy, single X
pheno female, short, not sexually mature genetic imprint 14%-dad 40%-mom social inept, retardation XX only 2% |
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Genes able to inlfuence specific behaviors
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flies-fem +1 male gene--lesbian
mice, stathim control fear -shock palte,open box -in imigulda Sexaul orientation, langge, visual spaial skill, politcs? |
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Evolutionary psych
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EEA: enviro evo adaptdeness
the adapted mind John tooky, Leada Cosmides |
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God gene
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controversial, not peer reviewd
VMAT2 |
