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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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haploid
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having a singe set of chromosomes23
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genetics
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is the study of hereditary and inherited characteristics
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dipoaid
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having a pair of each type of chromosome, so that the basic chromosome is double 46
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Incomplete Dominance:
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A heterozygous condition in which both alleles at a gene locus are partially expressed, often producing an intermediate phenotype
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Meiosis:
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The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells (sperms + eggs) from diploid to haploid.
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Genes:
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Traits that you inherit from parents, eg. Eye color, hair color, bone structure, etc. made up of DNA.
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Allele:
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One member of a pair/series of genes that occupy a specific position/chromosome.
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Dominant:
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These will always show-they stand out more ie. Brown eyes. Normally capitalized (R or D or G )
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Recessive:
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They can be there but hidden, they stand out less ie. Blue eyes. Normally lower case (r or d or g)
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Genotype:
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Genetic makeup, NOT physical appearance of organism, eg. rr, Rr, RR
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Phenotype:
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Physical makeup, APPEARANCE of organism, eg. blue eyes
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Gamete:
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Reproductive cell, has haploid number of chromosomes. Eg sperm/egg capable of fusing with gamete of opposite sex to make baby
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Karyotype:
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Characterization of chromosomal complement of individual/species, including number, form and size of chromosomes
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Stem Cell:
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Cells that are not assigned to do something, Cells have no jobs until they are assigned to one Eg. used to cure leukemia + cancerous diseases.
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Homozygous Dominant:
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Genotype where the dominant gene is expressed twice, eg HH
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Homozygous Recessive:
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Genotype where recessive gene is expressed twice, eg. hh
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Heterozygous:
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Genotype where one gene is dominant, one is recessive, eg. Hh
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Mendel:
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Monk who lived during 1800’s, used pea plants to study how traits are inherited known as the “father of genetics”
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Punnett Square:
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Evolved by Reginald Punnett, lets you predict what you get if you cross tall plants with short plants (for example). A box with 4 squares.
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Pedigree:
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a way of graphically illustrating inheritance patterns over a number of generations. Particular individuals are identified by their generation and their order number in that generation ie. II-6, is the sixth person in the second row
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Co-dominant:
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Condition where the phenotypes of both alleles of a particular gene are expressed simultaneously in a heterozygote. 2 dominant characteristics that both show (NOT mix), eg AB bloodtype
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Sex-lined:
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genes that are carried on either the X or the Y chromosome
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Embryo:
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unborn baby in the stomach of a women ie my piano teachers unborn baby
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