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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The founder of genetics: |
JOHAN Gregor Mendel (experimented with peas breeding) |
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Gene |
- Is a basic unit of DNA - constructs specifit protein - contains information - position of gene (Locus) |
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Alleles |
- variations of genes - every gene is represented by one allrlic pair (one from mother one from father) |
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Genotype /Phenotype |
Genotype - set of genes Phenotype - physical appearance (characteristic) |
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3 types of genotypes : |
Homozygotes (AA/aa) Heterozygote (Aa) |
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Chromosome |
- body cell has 23 pairs of chr. Which are located in nuclei. -chromosomes are made out of genes (genetic material) - 22 autosomal chr. 1 sex chr(XX/XY) - Chrs. Become visible during cell division - |
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Chromatin |
- is complex of macromolecules whose primary function is to package DNA into the chromosome - contains proteins (histones) Which organize DNA into nucleosomes (structural units) |
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Prokaryotic cell |
- do NOT have true nuclei. - DNA is concentrated in nucleoid region - prokaryotic cells are Haploid. |
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Plasmids |
- small circular molecules of DNA - they encode resistance to antibiotics or metabolism of unusual nutrients. - they carry up to 100s of genes - prosperous for bacteria |
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Chromosomal mapping |
- technique that uses circular sketch, with exact location of actual genes. - relative positions, distance and order of genes -it was constrasted for bacteria Eschrichia coli. |
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Operons |
- transcription of genes in prokaryotes - regulated clusters of genes - are transcripted into one mRNA - they start and stop transcription of strictutal genes - lactose / trypotophan is needed |
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Structural genes / regulstory genes |
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Replication |
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DNA / RNA |
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DNA replication |
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Genetic code |
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Transcription / Translation |
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