Bio Flashcards Organelles

Front 1

Centriole

Back 1

Centrioles are organelles involved in cell division. They help organize the chromosomes before cell division so that each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes after the cell divides. Centrioles are found only in animal cells and are located near the nucleus.

Front 2

Lysosome

Back 2

Lysosomes, which use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells (animal cells only).

Front 3

Nucleolus

Back 3

Inside the nucleus.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

The nucleus is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell and is often considered to be the cell’s control center. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains most of the cell’s DNA, which makes up chromosomes and is encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins.

Front 5

Ribosome

Back 5

Ribosomes are small organelles where proteins are made. They are made of proteins and the nucleic acid RNA, which assembles and joins amino acids to make proteins. Ribosomes can be found alone or in groups within the cytoplasm as well as on the RER.

Front 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 6

RER looks rough because it is studded with ribosomes. It provides a framework for the ribosomes, which make proteins. Bits of its membrane pinch off to form tiny sacs called vesicles, which carry proteins away from the ER.

Front 7

Golgi Apparatus

Back 7

The Golgi apparatus is a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus is somewhat like a post office

Front 8

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 8

SER looks smooth because it does not have ribosomes. SER also makes lipids and contains detoxifying enzymes that help break down drugs and other toxins in the body.

Front 9

Cytoskeleton

Back 9

Crisscrossing the cytoplasm is a structure called the cytoskeleton , which consists of thread-like filaments and tubules. These filaments and tubules are made of proteins. Keeps everything together.

Front 10

Cytoplasm

Back 10

The cytoplasm consists of everything inside the plasma membrane of the cell. It includes the watery, gel-like material called cytosol, as well as various structures.

1. suspending cell organelles
2. pushing against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep its shape
3. providing a site for many of the biochemical reactions of the cell

Front 11

Vesicle

Back 11

Sac-like organelle that store and transport materials in the cell. Vesicles are much smaller than vacuoles and have a variety of functions. The vesicles that pinch off from the membranes of the ER and Golgi apparatus store and transport protein and lipid molecules.

Front 12

Mitochondrion

Back 12

The mitochondrion is an organelle that makes energy available to the cell. This is why mitochondria are sometimes referred to as the power plants of the cell. They use energy from organic compounds such as glucose to make molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an energy-carrying molecule that is used almost universally inside cells for energy.