Bio Flashcards For Test 2

Front 1

ribosomes

Back 1

- organelle of protein synthesis
- organelles upon which polypeptides are assembled
- in the cytoplasm

Front 2

plasmids

Back 2

- occurs in cytoplasm
- of many bacteria and archaeans, a small ring of nonchromosomal DNA replicated independently of the chromosome

Front 3

nucleoid

Back 3

- region of cytoplasm where the DNA is concentrated in a bacterium or archaean

Front 4

flagella

Back 4

- long, slender cellular structure used for motility

Front 5

pili

Back 5

- protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacterial cells

Front 6

cell wall

Back 6

semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells

Front 7

biofilm

Back 7

community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime

Front 8

nuclear envelope

Back 8

a double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus

Front 9

nucleoplasm

Back 9

viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope

Front 10

nucleolus

Back 10

in a cell nucleus, a dense, irregularly shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled

Front 11

endomembrane system

Back 11

series of interacting organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles) between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Front 12

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 12

organelle that is a continuous system of sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear envelope. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes; smooth ER is not.

Front 13

vesicles

Back 13

small, membrane-enclosed, saclike organelle; different kinds store, transport, or degrade their contents

Front 14

vacuoles

Back 14

a fluid-filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials

Front 15

central vacuole

Back 15

fluid-filled vesicle in many plant cells

Front 16

lysosomes

Back 16

enzyme-filled vesicle that functions in intracellular digestion

Front 17

peroxisomes

Back 17

enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances

Front 18

Golgi body

Back 18

organelle that modifies polypeptides and lipids; also sorts and packages the finished products into vesicles

Front 19

mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria)

Back 19

double-membraned organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

Front 20

plastids

Back 20

an organelle that functions in photosynthesis or storage - chloroplast, amyloplast

Front 21

chloroplasts

Back 21

organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and many protists

Front 22

cytoskeleton

Back 22

dynamic framework of protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structures

Front 23

microtubules

Back 23

cytoskeletal element involved in cellular movement; hollow filament of tubulin subunits

Front 24

microfilaments

Back 24

reinforcing cytoskeletal element that consists of actin subunits

Front 25

cilia

Back 25

short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells

Front 26

centriole

Back 26

barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow

Front 27

basal body

Back 27

organelle that develops from a centriole

Front 28

cuticle

Back 28

secreted covering at a body surface