Bio Flashcards

Front 1

Cell Cycle

Back 1

The Cell Cycle is very important because it is responsible for the growth and reproduction of all cells.

Front 2

Interphase

Back 2

The nucleolus and the nuclear envelope are distinct and the chromosomes are in the form of threadlike chromatin.

Front 3

G1

Back 3

The cell grows larger, makes more ribosomes, organelles, mRNA, and proteins.

Front 4

S

Back 4

The cell makes a copy of its DNA so that each daughter cell will have a full set. Also replicates centrosomes.

Front 5

G2

Back 5

The cell grows larger and organizes itself to prepare for mitosis. The DNA condenses (clumps together) into thin strands called chromatin. This phase also has checkpoints that make sure that the cell is healthy and ready to go into mitosis.

Front 6

G0

Back 6

It is a period in interphase were the cell is resting.

Front 7

Cancer

Back 7

Cancer occurs when unhealthy cells divide rapidly. Some types of cancer treatments focus on stopping or slowing down DNA replication in order to stop mitosis from occurring. These treatments often have very serious side effects because they damage the cell cycles of healthy cells too.

Front 8

Mitosis

Back 8

During mitosis, the cell divides into two identical cells. These two new cells are called daughter cells. They have the exact same genetic information as the original cell.

Front 9

Cell Division

Back 9

The process in which a cell divides into two cells, each containing genetic material, as that of the original cell.

Front 10

Parent Cell

Back 10

The cell giving raise to the daughter cell because of cell division.

Front 11

Daughter Cell

Back 11

They have the exact same genetic information as the original cell. They are IDENTICAL to the original parent cell.

Front 12

Checkpoint

Back 12

Where the cell goes to make sure that it can divide

Front 13

Prophase

Back 13

The chromosomes appear condensed, and the nuclear envelope is not apparent.

Front 14

Metaphase

Back 14

Thick, coiled, chromosomes, each with two chromatids, are lined up on the metaphase plate.

Front 15

Anaphase

Back 15

The chromatids of each chromosomes have separated and are moving toward the poles

Front 16

Telophase

Back 16

The chromosomes are at the poles, and are becoming more diffused. The nuclear envelope is reforming. The cytoplasm may be dividing.

Front 17

Cytokinesis

Back 17

Division into two daughter cells is completed.

Front 18

Cell Plate

Back 18

In plant cell mitosis, the two new cells do not actually separate. Instead, a cell plate grows between the two daughter cells to form a new cell which divides the two cells.

Front 19

Chromatins

Back 19

Thin strands of DNA.

Front 20

Centrioles

Back 20

Set of microtubules.

Front 21

Microtubules

Back 21

Microscopic tubular structures that are found in cells.

Front 22

Nuclear envelope

Back 22

Double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus.

Front 23

Nucleolus

Back 23

The nucleolus is the nuclear subdomain that assembles ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells.

Front 24

Poles

Back 24

The duplicated chromosomes then attach to the spindle, align at the cellequator, and move apart as the spindle microtubules retreat toward opposite poles of the cell.

Front 25

Spindle Fibers

Back 25

Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell.

Front 26

Metaphase Plate

Back 26

In metaphase, the centromeres of the chromosomes convene themselves on themetaphase plate an imaginary line that is equidistant from the two centrosome poles.

Front 27

Cell Plate

Back 27

Cytokinesis in terrestrial plants occurs by cell plate formation.

Front 28

Cleavage Furrow

Back 28

The cleavage furrow is the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage.

Front 29

Meiosis

Back 29

Meiosis is the process by which gametes are created.

Front 30

Gametes

Back 30

Gametes are sex cells like sperm and eggs. Gametes have HALF the amount of DNA (chromosomes as their parent cells.

Front 31

Somatic cells

Back 31

Somatic cells are any cell in the body except for gametes cells.

Front 32

Haploid

Back 32

Half the amount of DNA

Front 33

Diploid

Back 33

Full amount of DNA

Front 34

Zygote

Back 34

The cell formed by a sperm and egg

Front 35

Meiosis 1

Back 35

In meiosis 1 there are two daughter cells at the end.

Front 36

Meiosis 2

Back 36

In meiosis 2 there are four daughter cells at the end

Front 37

1n

Back 37

Half the amount of DNA (half as parents)

Front 38

2n

Back 38

Full amount of DNA( same as parents)

Front 39

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 39

Similar Chromosomes

Front 40

Independent Assertment

Back 40

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive (sex) cells are produced.

Front 41

Crossing over

Back 41

During prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (similar chromosomes) pair up with each other and exchange different segments (parts) of their DNA to increase genetic diversity.

Front 42

Biodiversity

Back 42

Variety of living things

Front 43

Genetic Diversity

Back 43

Difference between the DNA of individuals of the same species