Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What steps are involved when applying the scientific method?
|
Ask a question
Do background research Construct hypothesis Test hypothesis by doing experiment Analyze data & draw conclusion Communicate your results |
|
|
What is an atom?
|
The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
|
|
|
What is a molecule?
|
The simplest structural unit of an element or compound
|
|
|
What is polarity?
|
A physical alignment
|
|
|
What are nucleotides?
|
Molecules that make up the structural units of RNA and DNA when joined together
|
|
|
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
|
DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
|
|
|
What is a codon?
|
A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called a triplet
|
|
|
What is a gene? What are genetic mutations?
|
A gene is what determines a persons traits, how they look and who they are. Genetic mutations are changes in DNA sequence of a cells genome and are caused by radiation, viruses, transposins and mutagenic chemicals.
|
|
|
What is a cell membrane? What are the main components?
|
A cell membrane is a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell. The main components are phospholipids, glycoproteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol
|
|
|
What do cells have?
|
Cell membranes, cytoplasm and DNA
|
|
|
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
|
DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
|
|
|
What is a codon?
|
A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called a triplet
|
|
|
What is a gene? What are genetic mutations?
|
A gene is what determines a persons traits, how they look and who they are. Genetic mutations are changes in DNA sequence of a cells genome and are caused by radiation, viruses, transposins and mutagenic chemicals.
|
|
|
What is a cell membrane? What are the main components?
|
A cell membrane is a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell. The main components are phospholipids, glycoproteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol
|
|
|
What do cells have?
|
Cell membranes, cytoplasm and DNA
|
|
|
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
|
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
|
|
|
What happens when proteins aren’t folded properly?
|
If they don't fold properly, the cell will die, which can lead to the persons death.
|
|
|
What can disrupt protein structure/function?
|
Heat, PH level and salt
|
|
|
How are atoms and/or molecules transported across cell membranes?
|
Diffusion
|
|
|
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
|
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from area of low solute concentration to area with high solute concentration.
Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration. |
|
|
What does a Golgi body do?
|
It packages all of the proteins in a cell
|
|
|
What is ATP?
|
Adenosine, plus ribose plus three phosphates
|
|
|
What’s the difference between a tissue and an organ?
|
A tissue is a group of cells that work together for the same purpose. An organ is a group of tissues that work together for the same purpose.
|
|
|
What are the 11 main organ systems?
|
The integumentary system
The skeletal system The muscular system The nervous system The endocrine system The circulatory system The lymphatic system The respiratory system The urinary system The digestive system The reproductive system |
|
|
How do muscles contract?
|
From nerve impulses
|
|
|
What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circuits?
|
In pulmonary circuits, the blood takes up the oxygen in the lungs and in systemic circuits, oxygenated blood is distributed to body tissues.
|
|
|
What is a capillary?
|
A capillary is a minute blood vessel connecting arterioles with venules
|
|
|
What is the main function of our respiratory system?
|
The respiratory system's function is to allow gas exchange through all parts of the body.
|
|
|
What is a neurotransmitter? What are some examples of neurotransmitters?
|
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which relay, amplify, and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell.
examples: GABA, acetylcholine |
|
|
What are the accessory organs involved in the digestive system? How do they aid in digestion?
|
The salivary glands,pancreas,liver and gallbladder.
|
|
|
What is skin made out of, and what are it’s main functions?
|
The skin is made up of about water, protein and lipids. The remainder includes trace minerals, nucleic acids, glycosoaminoglycans, proteoglycans and numerous other chemicals. The function of the skin is to act as a barrier to you and the outside world.
|
|
|
Why do we have a digestive system/organs?
|
To break down food and allow our body to get the appropriate nutrients
|
|
|
Where does digestion start? What does it involve?
|
Starts in the mouth, involves breaking down food and digesting
|
|
|
Where are nutrients absorbed?
|
Nutrients are absorbed in the digestive system in the proximal convoluted tubule.
|
|
|
What is a ruminant?
|
A ruminant is a mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach, known as the rumen, then regurgitating the semi-digested mass, now known as cud, and chewing it again.
|
|
|
What are the main components of the urinary system, and what do each of those components do?
|
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Kidneys:The kidneys are the organs that filter the blood, remove the wastes, and excrete the wastes in the urine. Ureters:carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder Urinary Bladder: storage center for urine Urethra:conveys urine from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside |
|
|
What is the endocrine system?
|
The endocrine system is a system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone to regulate the body. The endocrine system is an information signal system much like the nervous system.
|
|
|
Both the circulatory and digestive systems include which types of cells/tissues?
|
There are different types of B cell and T cells. Both are lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cell. The T cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals, which attack macrophages, to destroy the antigen. B cells are used in the production of antibodies.
|
|
|
What is our body’s first line of defense against foreign invaders?
|
Skin
|
|
|
What are the two main types of immune responses?
|
Innate and Acute
|
|
|
What are the differences between B and T cells?
|
B cells produce antibodies
T cells attack infected cells |
|
|
What is ecology? What are the 4 levels of ecology?
|
Ecology is the study of the environment as it relates to living organisms. The four levels are individual, population, ecosystem, and biosphere.
|
