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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is the somasensory?
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in the postcentral gyrus
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according to the homunculus what part of the body is there more sensory intervention?
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the hands/digits
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what are the four sense?
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hearing, smell, taste, and equilibrium
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where is taste located according to the homunculus?
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in the lower end of the postcentral gyrus
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where is smell locaated according to the homunculus?
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in the medial inferiors of the postcentral gyrus
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where is hearing according to the homunculus?
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in the superior end of the post central gyrus.
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where is equilibrium mainly distributed.
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in the cerebellum and some parts of the cerebral cortex and thalmus.
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what is the somethestic association area?
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parietal lobe
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position of limbs and head or location of the body
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proprioception
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the occipital lobe has to do with what sense?
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w/ vision.
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where is the auditory association area?
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the temporal lobe
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what is cerebral palsy?
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motors incoordination due to damage during the fetal development.
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define concussion.
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bruising of the brain.
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what is encephalitis?
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inflammation of the brain due to infection of the brain.
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what does schizophrenia involve?
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delusions and it is a unknown disorder for the most part.
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define epilepsy.
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sudden massive discharge of neurons.
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the scientific name for taste?
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gustation
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how many taste buds are there in the tongue?
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4000
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what is the function of filiform?
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for mouth fill
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are foliate for taste?
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no they are not and they are not developed that much in the human tongue.
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fungiform are for what?
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they are taste buds and are in the fron of the tongue and middle.
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what is the vallate papillae?
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they are the round buds in the back of the tongue and contain 1/2 of the taste buds.
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how many cells does a taste bud have?
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40-60 taste cells
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what are taste cells?
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epithelial cells and not NEURONS
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how often do basal cells replace the taste cells?
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7-10 days so often.
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name the 5 primary tastes?
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salty, sweet, sour,bitter, and umami
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is spicy a taste sensation?
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no it is pain detected by the free ending nerves
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what mechanisms does taste cells use?
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depolarization and second messenger.
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what two taste depolarize a taste cell?
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salty and sour, for the sodium and pH.
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name the pathway of taste
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goes to the hypothalmus and amygdala then to the thalmus to the post central gyrus.
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does the olfactory pathway go through the thalamus?
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NO it is the only that does not.
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are olfactory cells neurons.
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yes
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how many hairs does an olfactory cell have on the tip?
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around 10-20 cilia.
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where do the olfactory fosicles go to?
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to the crania never 1
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how does a hydrophilic molecule go into the nose?
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it diffuses with the mucus
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how does a hydrophobic molecule go into the nose?
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it binds to an odorant binding protein.
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what is the name of the effect men have in women ovulation?
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McClintock effect
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what makes up olfactory tracts?
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tufted and mitral cell axons
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pathway of olfactory sensation in the brain
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in the olfactory cortex to the hypothalmus amygdala insula orbiftorontal cortex hippocampus
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what do tarsal glands produce?
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they produce the oil that reduce tear evaporization
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what is the conjuctiva?
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a thin layer membrane that covers the eye except the cornea.
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what do tears contain to help against bacteria?
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lysozymes
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what makes up the tunica fibrosa?
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the sclera and cornea
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what makes up the tunica vasculosa?
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the choroid and ciliary body and iris
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what makes up the tunica interna?
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the retina
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what is the optical apparatus?
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it is how light goes in and what helps it make to the back of the eye. cornea aqueous humor lens and vitreous humor
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what is glaucoma?
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the normal volume of aqueous humor is 16mm hG when i increase it creates pressure from there it kills the retina slowly.
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what it is neural apparatus of the eye?
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the retina and the optic nerve
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what happens when there is a detached retina?
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vitreous body may leak to the back it is somewhat reparable.
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where do most resolution happen in they eye?
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fovea centralis
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what is the blind spot?
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the optic disc no receptor cells are found in that area of the eye
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what is hyperopia and how can be a fixed?
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it is farsightedness and it can be fixed with convex lenses
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what is myopia and how can it be fixed?
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it is nearsightedness and it can be fixed with concave glasses
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describe the bony labyrinth
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it is a serious of swirls in the temporal lobe made up of the cochlea and it is filled with perilymph
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what is the organ of corti?
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hearing receptor
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pathway of hearing
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outer middle inner ear stimulation of organ of corti and then generation impulses to cochlear nerve
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what happens when the stereocilia are excited?
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mechanical ion gated channels open and causes a graded potential.
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auditory pathway to the brain
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passes the spiral organ into the cochlear nuclei then from there superior olivary nucleu to the inferior colliculus then pass the auditory cortex
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differences between conduction deafness and sensorinuereal deafness
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explain.
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define tinnitus
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ringing or clicking noise all the time absence of auditory stimuli
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meniere's syndrome
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labyrinth disorder causes vertigo, nausea, vomiting
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what is the crista ampullaris?
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receptor for dynamic equilibrium
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