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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The different forms of a gene are called
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alleles
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Gregor Mendel removed male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
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control crosses between plants
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If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce
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both green and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas
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When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
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one allele from each parent
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If a pea plants alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents
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both parents contributed a recessive allele
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A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what is true?
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all of the offspring will be tall
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When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
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1/2
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A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
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50%
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Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
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homozygous
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what principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other's inheritance?
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Principle of Independent Assortment
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Gregor Mendels principles of genetics can apply to
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all organisms
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A male bison that is heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation (Aa) produces an albino offspring (aa) which is not a possible genotype of the female bison?
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AA
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Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called
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Incomplete Dominance
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In rabbits, there are four different versions of the gene for coat color, what pattern of inheritance is this?
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Multiple Alleles
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Variation of human skin color is an example of
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Polygenic traits
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The arctic fox is blue-grey in the summer and white in the winter. What influences this?
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genes and the environment
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The number of chromosomes in a gamete are represented by the symbol
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N
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If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
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6
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Gametes have
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half the number of chromosomes found in body cells
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Gametes are produced by the process of
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Meiosos
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
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Haploid cells
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What is formed at the end of meiosis?
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four genetically different cells
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One way that meiosis 1 is different from mitosis is that
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meiosis 1 produces 2 haploid daughter cells, but mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells
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What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
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DNA was the transforming factor
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In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
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sex cells
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Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of...
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Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of Adenine molecules
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Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
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Franklin
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DNA replication results in two DNA molecules
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each one with one new strand and one original strand
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What adds base pairs to a strand?
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DNA polymerase
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In eukaryotes, DNA...
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is located in the nucleus
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Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
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DNA contains phosphorous and no sulfur
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What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?
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genetic information is lost
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In what way is DNA like a book?
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DNA has stored information that can be copied and passed on
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Which of the following could make up one nucleotide found in DNA?
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Deoxyribose + Phosphate group + cytosine
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Aquatic Animals the strain floating plants and animals from the water that they live in are...
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Detritus feeders
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A parasite is a type of
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Symbiont
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Some mollusks are detritivores. Their main source of food comes from..
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decaying plant and animal remains
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Cattle depend on microorganisms in their digestive tract to digest the cellulose in their diets. The cattle and the microorganisms are...
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mutualistic symbionts
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Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested
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inside specialized cells
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An animal that relies on a digestive tract for digestion breaks down food by
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extracellular digestion only
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Carnivores have teeth that are designed to
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slice
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A side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animals that eats
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grass
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Termites are insects that consume wood. based on a termites diet, what would you expect to be true about its digestive system?
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the termite has a symbiotic relationship with cellulose-digesting microorganisms in it's digestive tract
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Gases diffuse most efficiently across a
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thin, moist, permeable membrane
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What statement is true about gas diffusion across respiratory membranes
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Gases diffuse from areas of high concentration to low concentration
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An organism might rely on the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their outer body covering if it is
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small and lives in water
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What aquatic animal uses lungs to breathe?
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Dolphins
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Mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in
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Terrestrial invertebrates
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In what way does living on land present a challenge to terrestrial animals?
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they must keep their respiratory membranes moist, even in dry environments
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What group of animal has the most efficient gas exchange?
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Birds
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A closed circulatory system is...
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when blood flows through a system of blood vessels throughout the body
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Why is double-loop circulation better for larger, more active animals than single-loop?
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It's difficult for a single pump to force blood through the entire system of a large animal
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A single-loop circulatory system is responsible for
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pumping blood out to the gills
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Animal that has a three-chambered heart?
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African Bulldog
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In vertebrates with a double-loop system, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for...
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exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air
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Excretion is the process of
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removing metabolic wastes from the body
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Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because..
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some animals live in dry or salty environment
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The white paste that birds excrete is...
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uric acid
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What do freshwater flatworms use to remove excess water from body fluids?
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Flame cells
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Butterflies and house flies convert ammonia to uric acid in their
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Malpighian tubules
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A kangaroo rat conserves water by...
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excreting highly concentrated urine and very dry feces
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Why excretory characteristic does a garden spider share with a sparrow?
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They both convert nitrogenous wastes to uric acid
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Information in the environment that causes an animal to react is
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a stimulus
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Simplest form of the nervous system
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Nerve net
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The ability to navigate, hunt, and communicate by electric currents in water most likely helps make up for the effect of dark, murky water on which sense?
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vision
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The part of your brain that is responsible for you responding to this question is the
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Cerebrum
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The part of the vertebrate nervous system that connects the brain and the rest of the body is called the
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spinal cord
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If a butterfly touches sugar water with one of it's legs, it usually will begin to feed. If it touches salt water, it usually will not feed. Explanation for the difference in response is...
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the butterfly has chemical receptor for taste on their legs
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What does molting enable arthropods to do?
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to grow
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What characteristic is associated only with an endoskeleton?
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It grows with the animal
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The hydrostatic skeleton of a cnidarian depends on what feature in order to support the animal?
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gastrovascular cavity
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Joints are a critical feature of both endoskeletons and exoskeletons because..
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joints provide flexibility and freedom of movement
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A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that
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connects muscles to bones
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What statement describes how a muscle moves an arthropod leg?
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A muscle contracts, pulling on a tendon which is attached to the inside of the exoskeleton
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Gametes are formed by
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Meiosis
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What group of animals only use internal fertilization?
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Mammals
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The difference between oviparous and ovoviviparous species is that...
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only ovoviviparous embryos can hatch within the mothers' bodies
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The mammals whose offspring are little more than embryos are...
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Marsupials
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One difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that...
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Monotremes secrete milk through pores on the surface of the mother's abdomen
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