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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gamtetes
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Have haploid number of chromosomes
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meiosis is
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produces four haploid cells
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for cell division to take place in normal
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must be space available, signals from other cells must be properly communicated, the dividing cells must be attached
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___limits the number of times a cell divides
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telomeres
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Proper sequence for mitosis
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prophase
metaphase anapahse telophases |
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what which is not considered a phase of mitosis
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interphase
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An example of discontinuous variation
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blood type
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Phases of the cell cycle
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resting
protein syntheses DNA Replication Premitosis mitosis |
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Phases of Meiosis
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Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1
prophase 2, metahpase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, prophase 2, telophase 2 |
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how many cells need to be transformed from normal cells for cancer to develope
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one
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a niche is
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a role an organisms holds in an ecosystem
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a habitat is
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where species live
provides shelter provides food |
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Which is an adaptation against predation
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thorns
camouflage mimicry |
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nitrification
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converts ammonia into nitrates
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the dust bowl of the 1930s was the result of destruction of
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prairie
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ozone is
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O3
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An example of a coastal ecosystem
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Estuary
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Difference between psudoextinction and true extinction
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True extinction is when there are no related species left, or the lineage is completely gone, like the DODO bird. Pseudoextinction is when one particular species is gone but other related species exist, like the mammoth. The mammoth may no longer exist, elephants still do, therefore some its genes still exist and are passed on.
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What is the difference between bioremediation and bio degradation?
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Bio remediation is when humans do anything, like recycle, in order to help clean up the environment. Bio degradation is when something naturally breaks down, degrades like paper without the help of humans
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a biosphere is
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earth
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prokaryotic cells have
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plasmids
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eukaryotic cells have
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organelles
cytoplasm nucleus |
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a class is a division of
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phylum
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a family is a division of
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order
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a specie is a division of
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genera
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the simplest of the eukaryotes are
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protistans
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mycote are
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fungi
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all but which of the following are bryophytes
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lycophytes
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Three domains
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archaea, eubacteria, euckarya
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Characteristics of mammals
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Have fur/hair, warm-blooded, feeds offspring milk
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DNA replication
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is when cell copy their DNA
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Adenine is compliments with __ in DNA structure
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Thymine
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Guanine is complimented with __ in DNA structure
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Cytosine
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DNA Ligase
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joins together fragments of DNA
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Transcription is the process of
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conversion of DNA to RNA
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The enzyme that unzips the double helix of DNA at the beginning of Transcription
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RNA polymerase
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An RNA molecule is
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single stranded
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mRNA is
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the template of translation
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A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes would be
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a normal female
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What is a codon
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A codon is a set of three nucleotides, Amino Acid chains
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DNA replication
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is when cell copy their DNA
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Adenine is compliments with __ in DNA structure
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Thymine
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Guanine is complimented with __ in DNA structure
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Cytosine
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DNA Ligase
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joins together fragments of DNA
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Transcription is the process of
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conversion of DNA to RNA
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The enzyme that unzips the double helix of DNA at the beginning of Transcription
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RNA polymerase
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An RNA molecule is
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single stranded
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mRNA is
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the template of translation
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A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes would be
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a normal female
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What is a codon
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A codon is a set of three successive nucleotides, Amino Acid chains
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Which specialized plant tissue transports nutrients down the plant?
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Phloem
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Most of the water moving into a leaf is lost through
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evaporation
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of the following the greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the
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small intestine
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What structure manufactures bile but does not store it?
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Liver
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What stimulates the gallbladder to contract
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a fatt meal
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micro-nutrients include
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minerals
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what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
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Saturated fats have single bonds in their tails, in other words their carbon chains are fully saturated with hydrogen atom and are solid at room temperature, break down slower, and are used for cell membrane repair. Unsaturated fats are double bonds in tail, liquid at room temperature, helps fluidity of cell membranes
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phytoremediation
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the use of plants to take up and concentrate or degrade environmental contaminants
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Two threats to Agriculture
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Deprivation of nutrients from soil as a result of crops draining the nutrients and industrialization which uses up land that could have been used for agriculture but now are unusable
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What is the structure located at the junction of the small and large intestines
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cecum
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If a helix of DNA is cut for "blunt ends"
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the cut would be in one place on side of the DNA
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The complete genetic material of a entire organism is
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Genome
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The solvent, cohesive and temperature stabilization properties of water are due to tis
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hydrogen bonds
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Cholesterol can be remodeled into
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bile salts
sex hormones steroids |
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Amino acids are the building blocks for
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protein
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makes their own food
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autotrophs
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In the light reaction of photosynthesis
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water molecules are split
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chlorophyll
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is where photosynthesis takes place
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in glycolisis, how many ATP are produces?
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4
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Chemical reaction of photosynthesis
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6CO2+6H2O6 (light) C6H12O6+6O2
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A species is composed of
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populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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the person credited with being the co discoverer of the theory of natural selection was
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Alfred Wallace
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What is true of evolution
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consist of two major hypothesis
takes place with in species takes place between species |
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new alleles arise by
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mutation
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Mules are sterile because
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they have an odd number of chromosomes
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who demonstrated the possibility of producing organic compounds from gases and water if the mixture is bombarded with a continuous spark discharge?
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Miller
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Which statement is not true?
natural populations may be in genetic equilibrium migration leads to genetic variation nonrandom mating may result in changes in gene frequency the Hardy-Weinberg law applies to large, stable populations |
Natural populations may be in genetic equilibrium
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True or False: Individuals can have allele frequencies
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false
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when a population goes through a bottleneck
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genetic drift is likely to occur
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what is the definition of genetic drift?
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Abrupt change in allele frequencies due to chance alone
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What is true about Biology?
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It is the scientific study of living systems
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What is true of about Science
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It's systematized knowledge
it's defined by its methods it involves the testing and formation of ideas |
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A hypothesis is
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a tentative explanation of events of how something works
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reasoning from a specific instance to general principles, which are sometimes unreliable is considered
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induction
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what is true of theories?
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explain observations
guide scientific research inspire future hypothesis and testing |
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when an article is based on facts it is considered to be
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objective
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the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own is
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a cell
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All of the coyotes (Canis Latrans) living in the Central Valley constitute an
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population
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when cells increase in number, size, or volume, this is called
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growth
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Emergent "Properties of Living Systems"
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Organization, Metabolism, Selective Response, genetic material
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Exocrine glands secrete
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enzymes
sweat milk |
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cardiac muscle cells are
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both involuntary and striated
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the brain and spinal cord are covered by the protective
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meniges
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the portion of the nerve that does not have a myelin sheat is referred to as
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gray matter
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optical receptors are used for
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sight
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alcohol acts as a
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depressant
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____stimulates a receptor for a neurotransmitter
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agonist
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What gland secretes hormones that affect other endocrine glands?
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Pituitary
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the pituitary gland controeld by the
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hypothalmus
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What bridges the gap between a neuron sending a message and the neuron receiving it?
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Neurotransmitter
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the basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle is the
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myofibril
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the mineral stored in greatest quantity in bones is
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calcium
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the arrival of an action potential causes the release of __ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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calcium
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In the pulmonary circuit blood is..
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oxygen poor and pumped via the right ventricle
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blood in arteries...
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always travels away from the heart
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the pulmonary artery carries blood away from the
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right ventricle
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the aorta leaves the ....
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left atrium
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blood typing is based on
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antigens on red blood cells
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A person with type O blood will have___antibodies
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anti-a and anti-b
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a pathogen is
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infectious
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the immune system includes
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lymphocytes
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a vector is
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a disease carrier
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small circular molecules of DNA in Bacteria are called
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plasmids
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DNA can acquired by bacteria through
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horizontal gene transfer
vertical gene transfer transformation |
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antibiotic resistance is
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an evolutionary process
can be transferred between prokaryotic species can be passed within a prokaryotic species |
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which of these sexually transmitted disease is caused by bacteria?
a)gonorrhea b)HIV c)genital herpes d)none of the above |
a)gonorrhea
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A form of immunity obtained by an attack of an infectious disease?
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Natural active
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when the body's immune system turns against it's own cell, the disorder is
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an autoimmune disease
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what nucleic acid is in the genome of HIV
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RNA
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the final site of drug metabolism is
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kidney
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the secondary site of drug metabolism is
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neuron
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the primary site of drug metabolism is
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liver
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which structure, or structures, carries urine from the bladder to outside the body?
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urethra
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the storage are for urine before it is eliminated from the body is the
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bladder
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the process during which potassium and hydrogen ions and some toxic substances are put into the urine by active transport is called
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secretion
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opening of peripheral blood vessels is part of __________
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the initial response to hot temperature
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responses to cold temperature include___
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shivering
increased respiration shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body |
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the functional unit the kidney is____
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nephron
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Response to low temperature that increases the chance for survival include___
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shivering
production of brown fat vasoconstruction |
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which hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristic
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testosterone
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what hormone stimulates ovulation in the female?
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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a single-layered, hollow ball of cells is
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blastula
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isogamy, means male and female____
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haploid cells look different identical
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Courtship, nesting, and mating are examples of ________ behavior
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instinct
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an innate behavior is______
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inheritable
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war, illness, natural disaster; are examples of _________
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positive population check
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behavior that enhances the fitness of another member of the same species at the expense of the helpful individual is_____
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altruism
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how is a growth rate calculated?
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Birth - Death = Growth
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When behavior is adjusted for environmental conditions, it is_______
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learned
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Negative check is _______
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checks that occur prior to birth; i.e. abortion, miscarriage
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preventative check ______
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checks that occur prior to fertilization; i.e. birth control, condoms
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