Bio Final 2

Front 1

Define symbiosis

Back 1

close relationship between 2 species in which atleast 1 benefits

Front 2

Define Nucleolus

Back 2

small region in nucleus made up of RNA and proteins

Front 3

Define chromosome

Back 3

things in nucleus that contains DNA

Front 4

define mitochondria

Back 4

changes chemical energy in foods into food for cell

Front 5

define ribosomes

Back 5

structures in which proteins are made

Front 6

Define endoplasmic reticulum

Back 6

network or channels in cell, transport materials in cell

Front 7

Define smooth ER
Rough ER

Back 7

smooth- doesnt have ribosomes
rough- has ribosomes

Front 8

Define Golgi Aparatus

Back 8

organelle that packages ane distributes molecules thats used in another part of cell

Front 9

Define lysosomes

Back 9

"clean up crew"
strusctures that contain powerful digesting chemicals that digests certain materials

Front 10

Define Vacuoles

Back 10

Storage place: water, waste, food

Front 11

Define diffusion

Back 11

The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to areas or lower ones

Front 12

Define Osmosis

Back 12

Diffusion of water across a cell

Front 13

Define isotonic

Back 13

having the same concentration of solutes

Front 14

Define cyclosis

Back 14

streaming rotary motion or protoplasm in certain cells

Front 15

Define plasmolysis

Back 15

contraction of protoplasm away from cell wall of plant or bacteria cell

Front 16

Define Hypotonic

Back 16

having least osmotic pressure out of 2 fluids

Front 17

Define Hypertonic

Back 17

Having the greater osmotic pressure out of 2 fluids

Front 18

What was the earth like 4 billion years ago?

Back 18

No atmosphere or water, 1 solid continent, volcanic activity, meteros which helped bring gases to start early atmosphere

Front 19

How has the earth's climate changed?

Back 19

before it was hot, warm and climate didnt vary, it had little or no polar ice, Today climate varies and polar ice

Front 20

How have life forms on the planet changed over the past 4 billion years?

Back 20

They became more complex in functions & structure. First trues cells werent aerobic, Due to nitrogen and volcanic activity, oxygen came along making aerobic cells causing eukaryotes to start being made

Front 21

The larger a cell is the -- the surface to volume ratio becomes

Back 21

SMALLER. If cell is too large, things wouldnt diffuse completely

Front 22

2 types of passive transport

Back 22

Osmosis and diffusion

Front 23

True or false :
Facilitated diffusion requiers energy

Back 23

FALSE

Front 24

Define facilitated diffusion

Back 24

diffusion or materials across a cell membrane using molecules

Front 25

Define active transport

Back 25

energy requiring process that eneables a material to move across a cell membrane against concentration difference

Front 26

Define endocytosis

Back 26

the process of taking into cell by membrane folding

Front 27

Define Phagocytosis

Back 27

large particles taken in to cell by endocytosis. The cytoplasm extends to engulf the particle

Front 28

Define Pinocytosis

Back 28

liquid particles taken into cell by pockets in membrane to surround it

Front 29

Define exocytosis

Back 29

particles leaving cell with help of membrane fusing out content

Front 30

Leeuwenhoek?
Hook?

Back 30

Microscope
cork cells

Front 31

Define Genetic code

Back 31

program of the cell

Front 32

What did Frederick Griffith do?

Back 32

infected rats with rough strain and smooth strain and figured out transformation

Front 33

Describe transformation

Back 33

genetic material is absorbed into live cell and used

Front 34

the works of McCarty and MacLeod and Avery

Back 34

continued griffiths exper. finding transforming factor and found out DNA was transforming factor

Front 35

Define DNA

Back 35

nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation or an organism to the next

Front 36

works of hershey and chase

Back 36

injected bacteria with bacteriophages. Wanted to find out if protein coat or DNA entered bacterium. used sulfer and phosphorus.if phosphorous found, DNA injected in

Front 37

Define bacteriophages

Back 37

Viruses that infect bacteria, composed of DNA core and protein coat

Front 38

WHat makes up a nucleotide?

Back 38

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogen base

Front 39

works of crick and watson

Back 39

used franklins info and built structure of DNA

Front 40

Define replication

Back 40

DNA duplicating itself before cell division

Front 41

Describe Transcription

Back 41

process which a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA

Front 42

Define codon

Back 42

3 letter code word, specifies particular amino acid

Front 43

Define translation

Back 43

decoding of mRNA to form polypeptide chain (protein)

Front 44

The 3 nucleotides on the tRNA pair with. .

Back 44

the ones one the mRNA

Front 45

tRNA nucleotides called?
mRNA nucleotides called?

Back 45

tRNA- antiocodon
mRNA - codon

Front 46

Define Cancer

Back 46

uncontrolled cell growth

Front 47

Define mitosis

Back 47

process by which the nucleus of cell is divided into 2 nuclei, identical

Front 48

Define cytokinesis

Back 48

process by which cytoplasm divides

Front 49

Define cell cycle

Back 49

beginning of one mitosis to the beginnning of the next

Front 50

Describe cell cycle

Back 50

Cell growth (G1) DNA replication (S) Preparation for mitosis (G2), Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Front 51

Describe prophase

Back 51

longest phase, chromatin condensesm chromosomes visible, nucleolus disappears. Also centrioles migrate, spindle created

Front 52

Describe metaphase

Back 52

shortest phase, chromosomes line up across center of cell

Front 53

Describe Anaphase

Back 53

chromosomes split into opposite ends

Front 54

Telophase

Back 54

chromosomes uncoil, nucleolus becomes visible
cell divides