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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some characteristics of living things?
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- Made up of Cells
- Reproduce - Based on a universal genetic code - Grow and Develop - Obtain and use materials and Energy - Respond to their Environment - Maintain a stable internal Environment - Change over time |
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What different levels can life be studied at?
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Molecules, Cells, Groups of Cells, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, The Biosphere.
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What is Biology?
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The science that seeks to understand the living world.
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What is a Cell?
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A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates from its surroundings.
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What is Sexual Reproduction?
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Two Cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.
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What is Asexual Reproduction?
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One cell produces the first cell of a new organism.
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What is Metabolism?
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The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life process.
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What is a Stimulus?
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A signal to which an organism responds.
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What is Homeostasis?
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The process of organisms keeping internal conditions fairly constant to survive.
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What is an Atom?
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The basic unit for matter.
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What three subatomic particles make up atoms?
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Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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What is the Nucleus?
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the center of the atom.
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What is an Electron?
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Negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton.
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What is an Element?
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A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
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What are Isotopes?
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Atoms of the same Elenment that differ in the number of neutrons.
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How are all of the isotopes of an element similar?
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Because they have the same number of electrons, all Isotopes of an element have the same number of proerties.
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What is a compound?
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a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definate proportions.
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What are two main types of chemical bonds?
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The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
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What is an Ionic Bond?
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When one or more electrons are transfered from one to another.
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What is a Covalent Bond?
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When electrons are shared between both atoms.
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What are van der Waals forces?
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A slight attraction that develops between the oppositly charged regions of nearby molecules.
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Why are water molecules polar?
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A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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What is Cohesion?
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An attraction between molecules of the same substance.
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What is Adhesion?
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An attraction between molecules of different substances.
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What is a Mixture?
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A material composed of two or more element s or compounds thats are physicaly mixed together but not chemicaly combined.
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What is a solution?
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Mixture of two or more substances in which two or more of the substances are evenly distributed.
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What is a Solute?
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The substance that is dissolved.
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What is the Solvent?
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The substance in which the solute dissolves.
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What are Suspensions?
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Mixtures of water and non-dissolved material.
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What is the pH scale?
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A measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution.
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What is an Acid?
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Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution.
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What are Acidic Solutions?
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Acidic Solutions contain Higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values below 7.
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What is a Base?
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A compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution.
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What are Basic Solutions?
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Basic, or Alkeline, solutions contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values above 7.
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What are Buffers?
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Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.
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What are each group of organic compounds?
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Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
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What is a monomer?
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small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers.
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What is a Polymer?
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large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.
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What are carbohydrates?
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Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
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What is the function of Carbohydrates?
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Living things use carbohydrates as their main scource of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.
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What are Monosaccharides?
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Simple sugar molecules.
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What are Polysaccharides?
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Large macromonecules formed from monosaccharides.
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What are Lipids?
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A large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water. Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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What is the function of Lipids?
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Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
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What are Nucleic Acids?
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Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous. Polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
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What is the function of Nucleic acids?
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Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.
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What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
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ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA)
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What does DNA and RNA contain?
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DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and RNA contains the sugar ribose.
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What are Proteins?
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macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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What are amino acids?
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Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carbon
carboxyl group on the other end. |
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Commensalism
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symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
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Consumer
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organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph.
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Predation
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interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism
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Producer
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organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
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Mutalism
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Symbiotic relationship in which both species benifit from the relationship.
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Primary Succession
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succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists
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Secondary Succession
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Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destrying the soil
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Competition
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When organisms of the same or different species attampt to use an ecological rescource in the same place at the same time.
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Food Chain
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Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
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Trophic Level
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step in a food chain or food web
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Predator
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The organism that does the killing and eating
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Prey
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the food organism
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Herbivore
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organism that obtains energy by eating only plants
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Ecosystem
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Collection of all organisms that live in a particular place together with their non-living environment
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Carnivore
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organism that obtains energy by eating animals
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Biosphere
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Part of earth in which life exists including Land, Water, Air, or Atmosphere
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Omnivore
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Organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.
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Community
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Assemblage of different populations that live together ina defined area
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Biome
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Group of Ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communitys
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