Bio Example Final Exam

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An example of a eukaryotic DNA sequence to which regulatory proteins can bind and activate a gene or genes located up to 1000’s of nucleotides up or downstream is called

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promoter

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A protein that binds to a bacterial operon, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the encoded genes would be most likely classified as a/an

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represor

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in the E. coli system, CAP is an example of a/an

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transcriptional activator

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the portion of tRNA that interacts with mRNA while in the ribosome is called the

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anticodon

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splicesomes are involved in

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eukaryotic RNA processing

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the -10 and -35 elements are most commonly associated with the

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bacterial promoters

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the "new" aminoacyl tRNA (charged tRNA) enters the ribosome via the

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"A" site

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miRNAs are involved in

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translation

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the RNA molecule which is first released from a eukaryotic gene during transcription is best described as

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a primary transcript

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the initiation codon for nearly all protein encoding sequences in mRNAs is

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AUG

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the ribonucleoprotein complexes which carry out RNA processing in eukaryotic nuclei are called

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spliceosomes

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the E. coli lac operon is best described as being

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inducible

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immediately after a new peptide bond is formed in the ribosome, the growing polypeptide chain is attached to

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a tRNA in the "P" site

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the molecules that are actually used to translate mRNA sequences to amino acids in a polypeptide is a/an

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tRNAs

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the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA has a "cap" structure. The primary component of this structure is made from

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GTP

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the individual(s) who obtained the first x-ray diffraction data from DNA crystals was/were

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Rosalind Franklin

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the correct model of the structure of a DNA molecule was first elucidated by

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Watson & Crick

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an example of a tumor-suppressor gene is believed to be mutated in more than half of all known cases of cancer is

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p53

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the short segment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand of a DNA replication are called

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Okazaki fragments

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the experiments which used DNase, RNase, protese, lipase and cell-free extracts of S. pneumoniae to show that DNA was the genetic material were carried out by

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Griffith

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the process of bacterial transformation was first demonstrated by

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Griffith

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DNA replication in bacteria occurs by a _______________ mechanism as demonstrated by theexperiment of _____

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semi-conservative

Meselson and Stahl

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Using Chargaff's rule, if an organism's DNA has adenine as 15% of its bases, what percentage of the base will be cytosine?

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35%

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the enzyme involved in DNA replication which uses ATP as an energy source to remove excess torque in the duplex (over winding or supercoiling) is

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helicase

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Proofreading by a DNA polymerase describes

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the removal of improperly paired bases by the 3' exonuclease activity

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an example of a repressible operon would be

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the trp operon in E. coli

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a defective protein has become tagged with ubiquitin. it is likely that it will soon

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be found and processed by a proteosome

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groups of distal control elements associated with eukaryotes that are essential for the activation of the genes by transcription factors are now commonly called

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enhancers

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DNA synthesis in all organisms occurs in what direction?

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5' to 3' direction

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eukaryotic mRNAs nearly always have what sequence at their 3' termini?

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UAA

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an example of a gene that encodes a product that normally inhibits cell division and for which mutant versions of the gene can be inherited in a recessive fashion would be

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a tumor suppressor gene

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an example of a sequence used to terminate protein synthesis in E. coli is

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UAA

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anabolic operons (operons that encode anabolic pathways such as the trp operon) are commonly regulated by

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a repressor protein and the pathway's product

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you are suffering from diphtheria and your cells are dying. the primary problem that is leading tot he death of your cells is that they can no longer

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carry out protein synthesis

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during development, organizer cells release signal molecules that convey positional information to other cells. this positional information is critical in determining what types of cells will commit to becoming. these signal molecules are called

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morphogens

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the segment of DNA replicated from a single start point (the unit of DNA replication, 1 per bacterial chromosome) is called a/an

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replicon

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during DNA replication in E. coli, the double helix is opened by the enzyme:

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helicase

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extensive methylation of cytosines bases in one of the two copies of human gene in a cell would suggest that the gene might be

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imprinted

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in the presence of both glucose and lactose, transcription of the E. coli lac operon would be

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completely off

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in the presence of glucose only, transcription of the E coli lac operon would be

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completely off (or at least at the lowest possible level of expression)

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primers in the process of DNA replication in an E. coli cell are removed by

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primase

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the sequence of nucleotides to which a bacterial RNA polymerase binds to in, for example, the lac operon is called a/an

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promoter

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extensive methylation of cytosine bases in one of the two copies of human gene in a cell would suggest that the gene might be

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imprinted

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a cell is committed to a specific developmental plan but has not yet expressed any "specialized" genes to make the structures characteristic of the tissue type its descendants will become. it is now said to be

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differentiated

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a macromolecule becomes attached to ubiquitin. it is very likely that this molecule will soon be associated with a/an

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proteasome

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the first amino acid utilized in the synthesis of nearly all proteins is

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methionine

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the e. coli enzyme which synthesizes most of a new DNA strand during replication is

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DNA polymerase III

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linkage maps are measured/drawn in what units?

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centiMorgans

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in the presence of glucose only, transcription of the e. coli lac operon would be

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completely off

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primers in the process of DNA replication in an e. coli cell are removed by

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primase

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an example of epigenetic inheritance would be

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inheritance of histone acetylation or DNA methylation patterns

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a cell is committed to a specific developmental plan but has not yet expressed any "specialized" genes to make the structures characteristic of the tissue types its descendants will become. it is now said to be

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differentiated