Bio Exam Review Vocab

Front 1

Resolution

Back 1

Ability of a microscope to see an image clearly

Front 2

Diaphragm

Back 2

regulates amount of light coming through the stage

Front 3

Autotroph

Back 3

Organism that can make its own food

Front 4

Heterotroph

Back 4

Organism that feeds upon others for nutrition

Front 5

Ribosome

Back 5

Cell organelle where protein synthesis occurs

Front 6

Golgi apparatus

Back 6

Organelle that packages cell proteins

Front 7

Centriole

Back 7

Organelle of animal cell that helps pull chromosomes apart in mitosis

Front 8

Chloroplast

Back 8

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells

Front 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

Transportation system of the cell

Front 10

Chlorophyll

Back 10

green pigment that can absorb the energy of the sun

Front 11

Nucleolus

Back 11

Organelle in the nucleus that makes RNA

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Cell organelle that controls the activities

Front 13

Stroma

Back 13

Thick fluid in the chloroplast

Front 14

Thylakoid

Back 14

Dislike structure that contains chlorophyll in the chloroplast

Front 15

Granum

Back 15

Stack of thylakoids

Front 16

Cristae

Back 16

Folds in the mitochondrion

Front 17

Mitochondrion

Back 17

cell organelle that acts as a powerhouse for the cell

Front 18

Eukaryotic

Back 18

Cell with a true nucleus and membrane bounded organelles

Front 19

Prokaryotic

Back 19

Primitive cell lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Front 20

Fermentation

Back 20

Cell respiration that does not use oxygen and produces CO2 and alcohol

Front 21

Lactic Acid

Back 21

Chemical causing muscle soreness when oxygen is not available

Front 22

Mitosis

Back 22

cell division process that produces two daughter cells

Front 23

Meiosis

Back 23

Cell division that produces sex cells

Front 24

Active transport

Back 24

process requiring energy that moves materials in and out of cells

Front 25

Exocytosis

Back 25

Process by which large molecules are excreted from a cell

Front 26

Endocytosis

Back 26

process by which large molecules are taken into a cell

Front 27

Osmosis

Back 27

movement of water through a membrane from high to low concentration

Front 28

Diffusion

Back 28

movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentration

Front 29

Facilitated diffusion

Back 29

movement of molecules through channels in the cell membrane

Front 30

Haploid Number

Back 30

Half the normal number of chromosomes found in sex cells

Front 31

Diploid number

Back 31

the normal number of chromosomes found in body cells

Front 32

Amino Acids

Back 32

building blocks of proteins

Front 33

Substrate

Back 33

substance that an enzyme reacts with

Front 34

Enzyme

Back 34

protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without it being used up

Front 35

pH

Back 35

scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Front 36

Atomic number

Back 36

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Front 37

Atomic mass

Back 37

number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 38

Element

Back 38

pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler substance

Front 39

Biogenesis

Back 39

idea that life can only arise from preexisting life

Front 40

spontaneous generation

Back 40

Idea that life can come from non-living things