Bio Exam Known

Front 1

One X chromosome in human female cells is permanent condensed and inactive. This Chromosome is call a _____ .

Back 1

Barr Body

Front 2

At which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes photographed to produce a karyotype?

Back 2

Metaphase

Front 3

A man's X chromosome will be inherited by:

Back 3

all of his daughters

Front 4

In which group of organisms does mitosis occur only in diploid (2n) cells? 1n? 1n and 2n?

Back 4

Animals; Fungi; Plants

Front 5

Which cellular process happens only during S phase of the cell cycle?

Back 5

DNA Synthesis

Front 6

Which occurs during prometaphase of mitosis?

Back 6

The nuclear envelope breaks down

Front 7

Cytokinesis in plant cells is achieved by:

Back 7

forming a cell plate

Front 8

Cytokinesis in animal cells is achieved by:

Back 8

Pinching the cells in two with a cleavage furrow

Front 9

What are the phases of cell division in order

Back 9

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Prophase
5. Anaphase
6. Telophase
7. Cytokinesis

Front 10

During cell division in bacteria, the origin (origin of replication) of the chromosome attached to:

Back 10

Plasma Membrane

Front 11

Students in a classroom exhibited a wide range of heights, but students of intermediate height were most common. Height can be explained best by which genetic mechanism?

Back 11

Polygenic Inheritance

Front 12

______ is a chromosomal alteration in which non-homologous chromosomes exchange pieces.

Back 12

reciprocal translation

Front 13

One gene studied by Mendel caused plants to have short stems (dwarfs) rather than long stems (tall). It is known that the dwarf plants do not make normal amounts of a hormone called.

Back 13

gibberellic

Front 14

What is the MOST significant conclusion that gregor mendel might have drawn from his research

Back 14

traits are inherited in discrete units, one of which comes from each parent.

Front 15

What do sons inherit from their mothers?

Back 15

Mitochondrial DNA

Front 16

A person with down syndrome has ___ chromosomes in their somatic cells

Back 16

47, on chromosome 21

Front 17

Assuming a normal set of autosomes, which combination of sex chromosomes in humans is always lethal

Back 17

yy

Front 18

Sickle Cell disease occurs when an individual is homozygous recessive for a single gene, yet this disease has a complex set of symptoms affecting many parts of the body. Which term applies to this situation.

Back 18

Pleiotropy

Front 19

When do coral fornicate

Back 19

a full moon

Front 20

Organic molecules that contain a large proportion of nitrogen and oxygen are likely to be:

Back 20

hydrophillic h20 love (high electronegativity)

c-h hydrophobic h20 hate

Front 21

Which term best describes the following chemical reaction:
CO2+ 2 H2O + E --> CH4 + O2

Back 21

endergonic

Front 22

Enzymes are biological catalysts. A general function of a catalyst is:

Back 22

lowering activation energy

Front 23

The adhesive and cohesive properties of water molecules are due to:

Back 23

hydrogen bonds

Front 24

Animal cells and higher plant cells both contain:

Back 24

mitochondria

Front 25

One of the following functional groups is found in the amino acid cysteine. Within a protein, two of
these groups can form a covalent bond, which contributes to protein structure. This group is:

Back 25

-NH2

Front 26

Pure lipid bilayers are nearly impermeable to lysine, an amino acid. Cells of the small intestine
(which contain relatively low levels of lysine) readily take up lysine from the lumen of the intestine
(where lysine levels are high). Which transport mechanism probably is responsible for this uptake?

Back 26

facilitated diffusion

Front 27

what type of mechanism is responsible for moving something up a gradient?

Back 27

active transport

Front 28

what type of mechanism is responsible for moving something down a gradient?

Back 28

passive transport

Front 29

what type of mechanism is responsible for moving something directly through a membrane?

Back 29

simple diffusion

Front 30

One feature that unifies all life, and indicates a common ancestor for all organisms, is:

Back 30

a nearly identical genetic code

Front 31

What are the major domains of life?

Back 31

1. bacteria

2. Eukarya

3. Archea

Front 32

From its atomic number of 6, it is possible to predict that a carbon atom has:

Back 32

# of p = # of e-

mass = p+n

6 protons therefore 6 e-

Front 33

Another name for a proton acceptor is a/an ____________ .

Back 33

base

proton donor = acid

Front 34

A mole of NaCl and a mole of ATP are equal in their:

Back 34

weight in grams

Front 35

Transport of materials from the Golgi apparatus to the lysosome occurs:

Back 35

membrane vesicles

Front 36

What is the MOST significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel might have drawn from his research?

Back 36

traits are inherited in discrete units, one of which comes from each parent

Front 37

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have electron transport chains. The immediate result of
electron transport in these organelles is:

Back 37

generating a H+ gradient

Front 38

The lac and trp operons are similar in that both:

Back 38

are negatively regulated (turned off) by a repressor

Front 39

nonsense mutation

Back 39

stop codon

Front 40

missense mutation

Back 40

different amino acid different code

Front 41

silent mutation

Back 41

same amino acid different code

Front 42

In which group of organisms does mitosis occur only in diploid cells?

Back 42

animals only

1n = fungi

1n or 2n = plants

Front 43

A cell structure containing the "9+2" arrangement of microtubules is a/an:

Back 43

nerve axon

9+0 = basal body (centriole)

Front 44

A molecule composed only of carbon and hydrogen:

Back 44

stores a great deal of energy in its chemical bonds

hydrophobic

Front 45

The phenotype of a heterozygote differs from the phenotypes of both homozygotes. The simplest
explanation of this situation is:

Back 45

incomplete dominance

Front 46

The sex chromosomes in somatic cells of people with Turner syndrome are _____ .

Back 46

XO

XXY = kleinefelter

XX = normal female

XYY = Super Male

XXX = female fertile

Front 47

Two parents have the same genotype, AABbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these 4
genes, what is the probability that one of their child will have the genotype AAbbCcDD?

Back 47

1 x 1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32

Front 48

What do sons inherit from their fathers?

Back 48

SRY gene

Front 49

Experiments performed by TH Morgan with white-eyed fruit flies showed that:

Back 49

the white-eye gene was on the X chromosome

Front 50

Bacterial cell division is called:

Back 50

binary fission

Front 51

Before TH Morgan began studying fruit fly genetics, he studied regeneration in Planaria. He found
that a piece of an animal representing as little as _______ could regenerate into a complete animal.

Back 51

1/279

Front 52

During what part of the cell cycle are chromosomes photographed to produce a karyotype?

Back 52

metaphase

Front 53

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Back 53

chromosomes move toward the poles

Front 54

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration
requires energy and is called:

Back 54

diffusion

Front 55

Which of the following occurs in the chloroplast stroma?

Back 55

calvin cycle

Front 56

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that:

Back 56

energy can not be created or destroyed

Front 57

second law of thermodynamics

Back 57

energy of the universe is a closed system

Front 58

Chemical interactions between atoms are determined primarily by:

Back 58

electrons in their valence shell

Front 59

Microtubules are important for:

Back 59

A. motility in sperm
B. transport in nerve axons
C. moving chromosomes during mitosis

Front 60

Rudolph the reindeer had a shiny nose and his girlfriend Clarisse had a dull nose. After “playing
some reindeer games,” they ended up with a herd of little reindeer, all of whom had dull noses. It is
likely that the shiny nose trait is:

Back 60

a recessive trait

Front 61

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the cell theory?

Back 61

all cells contain mitochondria

Front 62

One feature that unifies all life, and indicates a common ancestor for all organisms, is:

Back 62

dna is the genetic material in all cells

Front 63

Another name for ATP breakdown
(ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi + energy) is:

Back 63

Hydrolysis

Front 64

Feedback inhibition

Back 64

Product of enz. 1 is substrate for enz. 2, etc

Front 65

Another name for ATP synthesis
(ADP+Pi --> ATP+H2O) is:

Back 65

phosphorylation

Front 66

______ is the process used by an amoeba to engulf a bacterium

Back 66

phagocytosis

Front 67

Which of the following can pass easily through a pure lipid bilayer

Back 67

water

Front 68

____ is a protein hormone that inhibits muscle development

Back 68

myostatin

Front 69

Dog mutation name

Back 69

Bully whippet

Front 70

co2 needed for photosynthesis enters a leaf through

Back 70

stomata

Front 71

The random motion of molecules, which results in their net movement from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration is called

Back 71

diffusion

Front 72

When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll absorbs:

Back 72

red and blue light

Front 73

Krebs cycle reaction
Malate+NAD^+ ---> oxoaloacetate + NADH

Back 73

malate is oxodized to oxaloacetate

Front 74

a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme:

Back 74

binds to the active site

Front 75

one function of cholesterol in plasma membrane is to:

Back 75

stabilize (or buffer) membrane fludity

Front 76

Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration

Back 76

photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules and respiration releases it

Front 77

What happens immediately after telophase of mitosis?

Back 77

cytokinesis begins

Front 78

In what order were the following discoveries made:
I: meiosis
II: Mendel's laws
III: rediscovery of laws of inheritance
IV: mitosis

Back 78

II, IV, I, III

Front 79

People with Klinefelter syndrome have _____ chromosomes in their somatic (body) cells.

Back 79

47

Front 80

Breakdown of the nuclear envelope occurs at the beginning of __________ .

Back 80

prometaphase

Front 81

During what phase of mitosis are chromosomes equidistant between the two poles?

Back 81

metaphase

Front 82

approximately 1 out of 5 individuals in a carrier for an autosomal recessive disease. Among the affected population, what is the approximate frequency of individuals with the genetic condition.

Back 82

1/100

Front 83

Human fetuses that are monosomic for any autosome:

Back 83

do not survive until birth

Front 84

What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

Back 84

Synapsis and Crossing Over

Front 85

What is the name for a human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?

Back 85

a sperm cell

Front 86

The phenotype of a heterozygote differs from the phenotype of both homozygotes. The simplest explanation of this situation is:

Back 86

Incomplete Dominance

Front 87

If an animal cell contained 12 chromosomes during G1 phase of mitosis, what would be the diploid number of chromosomes for this organisms?

Back 87

12

Front 88

Both parents are heterozygous for brown eyes (Bb), but one is blond (rr) and the other is a red head (Rr). What is the probability that the next child will have brown eyes and red hair?

Back 88

3/8

Front 89

what is the probability of an individual having the genotype AaBBCcDd if its parents were AABbCCdd?

Back 89

1/8

Front 90

A husband and wife are both carriers fro cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease; neither parents has the disease. The family has 2 children, a boy and a girl. What is the probability that both children have the disease

Back 90

1/16

Front 91

What structure is found at the poles of animal mitotic spindles but not in plant spindles?

Back 91

centrioles

Front 92

An individual has the genotype AAbbCCdd. Relative to these 4 unlinked genes, how many different types of gametes could be produced?

Back 92

1

Front 93

Mendel crossed true breeding purple and white flowered plants. In the F1 generation all of the plants had purple flowers. If he observed 200 plants with white flowers in the F2 generation, ____ plants would be expected to have purple flowers.

Back 93

600

Front 94

genes affecting insect eye color C=red, c-cinnabar and wing shape V=normal; v=vestigal were studied. how many map units seperate the eye color and wing shape genes.
CcVv x ccvv --> 172 CV 17ccV 188 ccvv 23 Cvv

Back 94

CV and ccvv = parental

ccV and Cvv = recombinant

17+23 / 400 = .1 x 100 = 10

Front 95

Tomato plants heterozygous for two traits (height and seed shape) were allowed to self-fertilize. What proportion of the offspring will be homozygous dominant for both traits?

Back 95

1/16

Front 96

Endosymbiont organelles:

Back 96

A. are descended from free-living bacteria
B. contain a circular DNA molecule
C. contain ribosomes similar to those of bacteria

Front 97

Hypotheses that are consistent with the results of experimental testing are:

Back 97

modified and reworked until true

Front 98

Endocytosis (enter cell) and Exocytosis (exit cell)

Back 98

movement of large molecules and structures across the PM occurs in membrane vesicles

Front 99

Where does the Krebs cycle occur

Back 99

in the mitochondrial matrix

Front 100

when yeast cells are grown without o2, _____ is a product of glucose breakdown

Back 100

ethanol

Front 101

an acetyl group contains how many carbon atoms?

Back 101

2

Front 102

In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from _____ to make G3P and other organic molecules

Back 102

carbon dioxide

Front 103

PFK is an important regulator of cell respiration. PFK activity is:

Back 103

inhibited by ATP

Front 104

alcoholic fermentation in yeast

Back 104

lactic acid fermentation in human muscle

Front 105

Inheritance patterns of blood types show that there are 3 alleles of the ABO gene in human
populations, which give rise to _____ different blood types.

Back 105

4

Front 106

The frequency of crossing over between two linked genes:

Back 106

is related to the distance between them

Front 107

Crossing over occurs during:

Back 107

prophase I

Front 108

Which of the following are found in or on the plasma membrane

Back 108

cholesterol

phopholipids

intergral proteins

Front 109

The theory of evolution is critical to all areas of biology because it explains:

Back 109

A. the diversity of organisms
B. why all organisms have characteristics in common
C. how organisms become adapted to the environment
D. why distantly-related organisms sometimes resemble each other

Front 110

Sexual Reproduction acts to increase genetic variability by:

Back 110

1. crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis
2. chance combinations of gametes fuse with each other during fertilization
3. assortment of chromosomes in meiosis is random
4. genetic exchange can occur during synapsis

Front 111

Which of the following is involved in the Calvin cycle and the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 111

ATP

Front 112

Eukaryotic genes that encode rRNAs:

Back 112

are usually present in 100’s or 1000’s of identical copies

Front 113

During glycolysis, which process is used to make ATP?

Back 113

Substrate level phosphorylation

Front 114

Among Caucasians, approximately 1 out of 2500 has cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive
condition. Among the affected population, what is the approximate frequency of carriers?

Back 114

1/25

Front 115

The __________ is a disk of protein at the centromere of each mitotic chromosome that becomes attached to microtubles

Back 115

Kinetochore

Front 116

The MTOC (microtubule organizing center) found at the spindle poles of plant and animal cells is a:

Back 116

centrosome

Front 117

the occurrence of ___________ in essentially all living cells indicates that this process evolved very early in the evolution of life

Back 117

fermentation

Front 118

how many carbons does glucose have

Back 118

12

Front 119

how many carbons does pyruvate have

Back 119

3

Front 120

Which process occurs in essentially all organisms?

Back 120

Glycolysis

Front 121

Consider the following cross Mm x Mm, where M is fully dominant to m. The offspring of this cross
will:

Back 121

include 3 different genotypes

Front 122

Hemophilia is a recessive, X-linked disease. A woman who is a carrier and a man who has this
disorder have a son. What is the chance that this son will have hemophilia?

Back 122

50%

Front 123

Mendel crossed true breeding tall and dwarf plants. In the F1 generation all of the plants were tall.
In the F2 generation, if he observed 618 tall plants he would have expected about _____ dwarf plants.

Back 123

200