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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors determine the amount of enzymatic activity in serum?
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amount of tissue producing the enzyme, rate of enzyme release, rate of enzyme inactivation and or elimination from plasma
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define SIU
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1 SIU of enzyme activity concerts 1 micromole of substrate/minute
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Name the 2 most commonly measure serum aminotransferases, give their old names, and the reactions they catalyze? In which pathological states are they elevated?
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Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - formerly glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase GOT
catalyzes the exchange of an amino group b/w alpha amino acids (aspartate) and alpha keto acids, elevated levels found with liver damage and myocardial cells. Also increased in hemolysed blood. Alanine Amintotransferase (ALT) formerly GTP, catalyzes the xchange of Amino group b/w alpha amino acids (alanine) and alpha keto acids, elevated levels found in liver damage |
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Give the Rx catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase?
How is this activity of diagnostic used? |
Gluthathione + amino acids ---> gamma-glutamyl-amino acid + cys-gly
enzyme located in kidney, intestine, liver and fetal tissue elevated levels associated with dmg to liver tissue. changed by just ONE drink |
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describe the 2 most commonly measure phosphatases and how their activity is diagnosed.
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Alkaline phosphatase ALP and Acid phosphatase ACP.
ALP = found in liver, bone, intestine, and placental tissue. Commonly found in growing children, healing fractures, and pregnant women ACP = found in prostate, platelets and erythrocytes. Elevation is found in metastatic prostate cancer as well as hemolysed blood samples |
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descrive the diagnostic utility of LDH. What reaction does LDH catalyze?
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catalyzes Lactate + NAD ---> pyruvate + NADH + H
LDH is found in most tissue types, however it has two different subunits (H and M) that make up enzymes with 4 units each. |
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what is the most common form of LDH and what is flip LDH
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LDH2 that consists of subunits HHHM.
after an MI LDH1 predominates causing a "flipped" LDH since now LDH1>LDH2 |
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what is another name for alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HDB)? What is the significance of elevated serum HBD?
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LDH1 when elevated signifies dmg to myocardial cells due to a recent myocardial infarction
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Give the Rx catalyzed by CK (CPK). Discuss the diagnostic significance of serum CK
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CK consists of different combos of 2 subunits M and B and catalyze the energy related Rx :
creatine P + ADP ---> Creatine + ATP elevated levels of MB ->>> MI or ischemia elevated levels of MM ->> exercise, injection, convulsions elevated levels of BB - >> nueral tissue dmg |
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diagnostic significance of serum amylase and lipase activities. Give the Rxns catalyzed by each.
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Salivary glands and pancreas are the only appreciable sources of serum amylase and therefore pancreatitis is the most common source of elevated levels.
starch + h20 ->> maltose, maltotriose, and limit dextrins Serum lipase comes from pancreas only: triglyceride + h20 --> fatty acids + glycerol AMYLASE can be tested for in urin but lipase cannot |
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serum enzyme levels in crush injury
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mildly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (healing bone) and elevated levels of creatine kinase MM (skeletal muscle)
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serum enzyme levels in vigorous exercise
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elevated levels of creatine kinase MM
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serum enzyme levels following morphine injection
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elevated serum amylase and lipase, as morphone constricts sphincter of pancreatic duct
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serum enzyme levels during pregnancy
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mildy elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (bone growth) and GGT
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