Bio Exam 4 Con

Front 1

Gametangia

Back 1

Protects gametes from drying out and protects the embryo from drying out.

Front 2

waxy cuticle

Back 2

hard lipid coating to protect from water, and losing water though creates gas exchange problem ex CO2

Front 3

Stomata

Back 3

structure that lets CO2 and water in and out o by bypassing the wax cuticle (Responds to plants needs)

Front 4

What are character istics of Non-vascular plants?

Back 4

cuticle and stomata

Front 5

What adaptive feature let plants move to terrestrial environment?

Back 5

Vascular Tissue

Front 6

Vascular tissue

Back 6

allows active transport of water and nutrients through plant
allows increased size, structural support
prevents dessication (drying out)

Front 7

Significant macroevolutionary events in plant evolution

Back 7

Cuticle
Vascular tissue
Gametangia, Seeds

Front 8

What contributes to plant size?

Back 8

cuticle, vascular tissue- transport of nutrients and structural support

Front 9

seeds

Back 9

houses that contain the developing gametangia

Front 10

purpose of the flower in angiosperms

Back 10

Increase fertilization using other species as pollen carriers

Front 11

fruits

Back 11

aid the dispersal of seeds

Front 12

exposed seed

Back 12

produce seed but it isn’t enclosed in a parental tissue.

Front 13

alteration of generations

Back 13

Alternation between multicellular haploid life stages and multicellular diploid life stages

Front 14

Sporophyte

Back 14

diploid form that produce haploid spores via meiosis that grow into haploid gametophyte

Front 15

Gametophyte

Back 15

by mitosis gives rise to gamates then fertilization takes place

Front 16

fertilization in alteration of gen

Back 16

takes place to make gamates into zygote Diploid structure--> grows into Sporophyte by mitosis diploid

Front 17

what are unifying features of plants

Back 17

Chloroplasts
Photoautotrophs
Store carbs as starch
Cell wall made of cellulose
Sexual life cycle - alt of gen
Embryos protected gametangia

Front 18

How are Vascular plants organized?

Back 18

as seedless, exposed seed, and enclosed seed

Front 19

Xylem

Back 19

transports water and minerals, for photosynthesis.

Front 20

Phloem

Back 20

= delivers sugars to the roots for storage

Front 21

Lignin

Back 21

the woody tissue, support and strength

Front 22

Why do plants get taller and taller?

Back 22

to reach out and compete with other plants in order to get more sun. selective pressure in taller plants.

Front 23

What parts of plants have vascular tissues?

Back 23

True roots, leaves, stems

Front 24

Vascular plants w/o seeds

Back 24

Sporophyte (2n) generation is dominant-
Independent gametophyte

Front 25

What are the advantages to having a dominant sporophyte?

Back 25

diploid --> if mistake in 1 chrom then there is 2nd copy that will transfer over ok. on land get more UV light (radiation).
back up copy if your gene gets damaged

Front 26

Homosporous life cycle

Back 26

Sporangium 1n--> spore1n-> young gametophyte 1n--> egg and sperm-->zygote 2n--> young sporophyte 2n--> mature sporophyte 2n

Front 27

seeded plants what happens for gemetophyte

Back 27

gametophyte is reduced and dependnet on the sporophyte

Front 28

in seed plants what is gametophyte and sporophyte

Back 28

ovule is the gametophyte
petal is sporophyte

Front 29

non vascular what is gametophyte and sporophyte

Back 29

top is sporophyte rest is gametophyte

Front 30

seedless vascular what is gametophyte and sporophyte

Back 30

stalk= sporo
small bud at bottom= gameto

Front 31

The four gymnosperms types

Back 31

Cycads, ginkgos, conifers, Gnetophytes

Front 32

Cycads and ginkgos

Back 32

Flagellated sperm - swim within pollen tube
Sexes separate – dioecious

Front 33

Gnetophytes

Back 33

adapted to dry conditions
Non motile sperm
Double fertilization

Front 34

Cycads

Back 34

dioecious palm tree ish thingy

Front 35

dioecious

Back 35

2 separate sexes (1 plant= female, 1 plant= male) seeds come from females.

Front 36

monecious

Back 36

2 sexes present on same individual (1plant has both male and female organs)

Front 37

Conifers

Back 37

non flag sperm, monecious, need leaves, tallest oldest

Front 38

how are angiosperms seeds dif from gymnosperms seeds

Back 38

their seeds are housed in ovary tissue.

Front 39

perfect flowers

Back 39

both male and female parts=monoecious

Front 40

imperfect flowers

Back 40

either male or female parts on flower (not necessarily on 2 sep plants)=can be monoecious or dioecious

Front 41

anther

Back 41

where pollen is made in flowers
+filament=stamen

Front 42

sigma

Back 42

where pollen lands

Front 43

ovule

Back 43

contain the eggs

Front 44

ovary

Back 44

becomes the fruit

Front 45

double fert

Back 45

pollen -->stigma -> down style goes to ovary-> ovule both sperm go into
all angiosperms do it

Front 46

Microspore

Back 46

Two haploid sperm nuclei

Front 47

Megaspore

Back 47

One haploid egg nucleus and two haploid polar nuclei

Front 48

what two cell parts were originally free living bacterica

Back 48

chloroplasts and mitochrondria

Front 49

Thylakoid

Back 49

is filled with chlorophyll(pigments)- disk like green structures. shuffles e- after light excites them

Front 50

hotosystems

Back 50

energy from light travels in photons then absorbed making e- excited then goes into redox reaction

Front 51

photosystem I

Back 51

high energy state e- until it reaches the chorophyl because it is next to an e- acceptor. NaDP+ to NADPH

Front 52

Photosystem II

Back 52

the final chrolphyll is next to a more e- negative e- acceptor in an e- transport chain in the mitochrondria protein complexs makes ATP. It dumpes its 2e- into the photosystem 1

Front 53

chloroplats membrane

Back 53

double bound, atp synthase inbetween atp produced when prfotons moved across membrane