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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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microevolution
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small changes in the gene pool of populations
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macroevolution
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major changes that lead to speciation
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reproductive isolation
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what allows species to diverge
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spatial isolation
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populations are separated by distance, or by differences in habitat preference
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behavioral isolation
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difference in mating behavior prevents interbreeding
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mechanical isolation
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there is physical incompatibility between the sexual organs
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temporal isolation
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breeding takes place at different times of the day, or different times of the year
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gamete incompatibility
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sperm cannot fertilize the egg
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hybrid inviability sterility
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hybrid offspring are produced, but do not survive very long, or if they do reach maturity thare cannot reproduce
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allopatric speciation
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occurs when there is a geographic barrier that physically isolates the populations, preventing immigration and emigration
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sympatric speciation
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occurs without a geographic barrier
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punctuated equilibrium
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describes an abrupt and fast rate of speciation
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bottleneck effect
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occurs when population size is greatly restricted and the gene pool of the survivors is very different than the gene pool of the original population
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founder effect
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occurs when only a few individuals from one population go to a new habitat and start a new population
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sexual selection
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certain characteristics of an individual can increase chances of mating
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hardy-weinberg theorem
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the only way that the gene pool of a population will not change is if:
-populations must be large -must be no immigration of emigration into or out of the population -choosing mates is done randomly -no natural selection -no genetic mutation |
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habitat fragmentation
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prevents species from being able to move from one area of habitat to another
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eutrophication
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excess plant nutrients released into ecosystems create a problem
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niche
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an organism's role in the ecosystem
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