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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Mendelian Genetics? |
The study of pattern of inheritance |
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Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) |
"Father of Genetics" -discovered basic patterns of inheritance w/o knowledge of genes/chr/dna -studied garden pea plants |
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Mendel's 1st experiment |
crossed "true-breeding" red with white |
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What does P stand for? |
Parental |
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what does F1 stand for? |
1st filial |
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What does F2 stand for? |
2nd Filial |
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Mendel's first conclusion |
orgs. contain 2 "hereditary factors" for each trait GENES |
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Mendel's second conclusion
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Each gamete contains 1 of 2 i.e. a "particulate" nature of inheritance --> doesnt blend like paint. Individual marbles |
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what is a genotype? |
combination of alleles |
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what is a phenotype? |
the appearance |
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what is Homozygous dominant? |
RR |
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what is Homozygous recessive? |
rr |
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what is heterozygous? |
Rr |
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What is independent assortment? |
genes for different traits are inherited independent of each other |
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What is X-Linked? |
genes that are located on the X chromosome |
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Who discovered X chr? |
Morgan |
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What is a Barr Body? |
a dense body formed from a deactivated X chromosome found in the nuclei of female mammalian cells. |
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What is polygenic inheritance? |
when one trait is controlled by more than one locus |
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What is multifactorial inheritance? |
when a trait is influenced by both genes and environment e.g. weight, height, skin color |
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What is pleiotropy? |
1 locus affects more than 1 trait |
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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What does RNA stand for? |
ribonucleic acid |
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What are some disorders caused by autosomal recessive? |
-Cystic fibrosis -sickle-cell anemia -albinism -phenylketonuria |
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What are some disorders caused by X-linked recessives? |
-Red-green color blindness -hemophilia -duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) |
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What are some disorders caused by autosomal dominant? |
Huntington's disease |
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What is RNA? |
A single-stranded, but base-pair w/ itself, forming complex globular shapes (like protein) |
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What is Transcription? |
rna synthesis |
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What is Translation (tsl)? |
synthesis of protein from mRNA |
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What is the Genetic Code? |
the translations "dictionary" |
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What is polysome? |
When multiple ribosomes simultaneously work on 1 mRNA |
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What is a mutation? |
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
when neither allele is dominat i.e. 1 locus, 2 alleles, 3 different phenotypes |
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What is a multiple allele system? |
an individual can have 2 different alleles but more than 2 may exist in a population i.e. ABO blood groups |
