Bio Exam 3

Front 1

_____ converts solar energy into chemical energy by ________.

Back 1

Producers;photosynthesis

Front 2

The four basic types of building blocks are: ________,________,_______,_______

Back 2

monosaccahrides, amino acids, nucleotides,and fatty acids.

Front 3

Consumers can be divided into two types: _______,______

Back 3

herbivore; carnivores

Front 4

Carnivores can be divided into two types: _______,______.

Back 4

predators, scavangers

Front 5

Producers utilize_____ and ________ to form________ through photosynthesis.

Back 5

water; carbon dioxide; carbohydrates

Front 6

Cheetah is considered to be a ______ predator because it hunts predominately ____________.

Back 6

Specalists, Thomson's gazelles.

Front 7

In Oregon, the _________ have developed resistance to the tetrodotoxin, a potent _________ produced by the_________.

Back 7

garter snakes, neurotoxin, taricha newt.

Front 8

_____ have become master hunters of the night sky with the use of _________ to map their environments with pinpoint accuracy.

Back 8

Bats; echolocation.

Front 9

The Nile crocodile is an example of a _________ predators, and their hunting tactic is by _______.

Back 9

generalist; stealth.

Front 10

To detect the approaching bats, _______ have developed a simple ______ to detect the ______ sound emitted by bats.

Back 10

moths; ear; ultrasonic

Front 11

To escape from predation, the moths will alter their _________ when they detect approaching ______.

Back 11

flight paths; Bats

Front 12

The _________shut off their______ when they get closed to a moth, relying entirely on their hearing.

Back 12

brown big-eared bats; sonar.

Front 13

Using a group cooperative strategy, _______ work together to hunt ________.

Back 13

chimpazees; colobus monkey.

Front 14

Chimpazees subsist maily on a _______ diet, but they occasionally supplement their diet with meat from hunting the _________.

Back 14

vegeterian, colobus monkeys.

Front 15

In the past 50 years, a ______ system has been developed to raise cattle in confinement and to feed them with _______.

Back 15

feedlot, corn.

Front 16

To prevent the spread of ______ diseases, the cattle feeds are heavily supplemented with _______.

Back 16

infectious, antibiotics.

Front 17

The excessive use of antibiotics in the _______ system to raise cattle increases the probability of the emergence of antibiotic resistant _________ strains.

Back 17

feedlot; bacterial.

Front 18

The bacteria reside on the human body is known as the __________, they are known as ______________

Back 18

normal flora; commensalists

Front 19

Microorganisms are found on the mucous linings of the: _______, ___________, _________, ________, and ____________

Back 19

Oral Cavity; upper repiratory tract; small intestine; large intestine; urogenital tract.

Front 20

The expulsion mechanisms of the innate defence system include: _________, __________, __________, and ___________

Back 20

sneezing; coughing; tearing; flow of urine

Front 21

The four clinical signs of inflammation are __________, _____, _______, and __________.

Back 21

redness; heat; pain; swelling.

Front 22

During inflammation ________ engulf and destroy bacteria in a process known as _________.

Back 22

macrophages; phagocytosis.

Front 23

Pus contains dead _______ and ________.

Back 23

bacteria; macrophages.

Front 24

The ______________ live in the follicles of hair and eyelashes in forming a ___________ relationship.

Back 24

hair follicle mites; commensalistic.

Front 25

The two common bacterial venereal diseases are ____________ and ___________.

Back 25

gonorrhea; syphilis.

Front 26

The bacterial disease that causes most death in the world is ___________.

Back 26

tuberculosis

Front 27

The genetic materials of viruses could be either _____ or ______.

Back 27

DNA; RNA.

Front 28

Viruses can only reproduce inside of a _______. They are known as _________ parasites and cannot be treated by __________.

Back 28

cell; obligated; antibiotics.

Front 29

HIV infects the __________ and destroys the ______________.

Back 29

lymphcytes; immune system.

Front 30

Influenza virus has _______ as its genetic materials.

Back 30

RNA

Front 31

Antigenic _______ are major changes in the viral genes due to ___________ between different viral strains.

Back 31

shifts; recombination.

Front 32

Antigenic ________ are minor changes in the sequence of the RNA due to ________.

Back 32

drifts; mutation.

Front 33

The last major global outbreak of influenza, know as a _________, took place in _______.

Back 33

pandemic; 1918.

Front 34

The species often involved in gene exchange that foster an influenza pandemic are ________, ________, and _________.

Back 34

pig; bird; human.

Front 35

The oldest living orgnaism on earth is a __________, known as the Mesthuselah tree, which is estimated over _________ years old.

Back 35

bristlecone pine; 4,700.

Front 36

The following factors contribute to the longevity of the Methuselah tree: __________, __________, __________, and ______________.

Back 36

short growing season; cold temerature; high wind; dense and resinous wood.

Front 37

The life span for the giant tortoise is _____ years, and the life span for a mouse is ____ years.

Back 37

177; 3.

Front 38

The verified maximum human life span is ______ years.

Back 38

122

Front 39

The life expectancies of early 18th century England, early 20th century America, and 21st centure Japan are ____, _____, and ______, respectively.

Back 39

37; 47; 81.

Front 40

The world's lowest life expectancy is found in the nation of ________ with a life expectancy of _____.

Back 40

Zambia; 37.

Front 41

Recent studies have shown that 50% of the world population live on $___ per day and without _________.

Back 41

$2; social security.

Front 42

The top three causes of deaths in the US during 2001 are _________, ________, and ________.

Back 42

heart diseases; cancer; strokes.

Front 43

The top ten causes of deaths in the world during 2002 include four infectious diseases. No. 4________, No. 7________, No. 8 _________, and No. 9 ___________.

Back 43

HIV/AIDS; diarrhear diseases; tuberculosis; malaria.

Front 44

During energy metabolism in the presense of _________. highly reactive molecules known as _________ are produced.

Back 44

oxygen; free radicals.

Front 45

Calorie restriction was first discovered in 1933 to extend ________ of ___________.

Back 45

life span; laboratory rats.

Front 46

Calorie restriction is a diet that reduces calorie intake to ________ of normal consumption, but with a supplement of _________.

Back 46

60-70; essential nutrients.

Front 47

Calorie restriction has the following benefits: ___________, _____________, and ______________.

Back 47

extension of life span; slowing physiological decline; preventing age-related diseases.

Front 48

The main benefit of calorie restriction is the reduction of ____________, in a study involving a group of ___________.

Back 48

free radical damages; Rhesus monkeys.

Front 49

Agents that can mimic the physiological effects of calorie restriction are known as calorie restriction _______. Resveratrol has been suggested to be such an agent found in __________.

Back 49

mimetic; grape skin.

Front 50

Cooperation can occue at the levels of __________ and ___________ cooperation.

Back 50

intraspecies; interspecies.

Front 51

The river dolphins prey on small fish bu swimming in synchrony to create a _______ that drives the fish onto the ____________.

Back 51

surge; shore or river bank.

Front 52

The four types of intraspecies cooperation are _________, _________, ___________, and _____________.

Back 52

mutualism; reciprocity; obligated altruism; facultative altruism.

Front 53

Herding, flocking, schooling are a form of ___________ based on the principle of ____________.

Back 53

group or social defense; mutualism.

Front 54

The emergence of a similar behavioral trait such as herding, flocking and schooling by organisms with distinct evolutionary ancestry is known as _____________.

Back 54

convergent evolution.

Front 55

Meerkats participate in reciprocity by taking turn to ________, and to _____________________.

Back 55

care for their young; stand sentry for aerial predators (eagles and hawks).

Front 56

Studies have shown that the meerkats on sentry duty always select a perch close to their burrows. This observation has led to the development of the ______________.

Back 56

Personal safety hypothesis.

Front 57

Eusociality is also know as ___________.

Back 57

Kin selection.

Front 58

In eusocial society, the workers are _________ females and ________ to each other.

Back 58

sterile; sisters.

Front 59

The _________ live in a ____________ with only one ____________ and 30 to 40 workers.

Back 59

mole rats; eusocial society; breeding pair.

Front 60

Florida scrub jays live in a society of ____________. The __________ stay with the ___________ to help raise the young.

Back 60

facultative altruism; juveniles; parents.

Front 61

The leafcutter ants harvest leaves in the tropical rain forest. They chew the leaves into a ________ to cultivate a _________ in their subterranean chambers.

Back 61

mulch; fungus.

Front 62

The leafcutter ants live in a ______________ with only one _____________ in each colony.

Back 62

eusocial society; female.

Front 63

If the gardeners of the leafcutter ants were removed, the fungal culture will be __________ by a _____________.

Back 63

destroyed; pathogenic mold.

Front 64

The gardeners of the leafcutter ants control the pathogenic mold use ________ produced by _________ that they carry on their back.

Back 64

antibiotics; bacteria.