Bio Exam 2

Front 1

pseudogene

Back 1

gene that has been silenced

Front 2

balanced fauna

Back 2

species from all components of a normal functioning equivalent ecosystems present on the mainland are also present on the island

Front 3

unbalanced fauna

Back 3

missing many components of mainland

Front 4

endemic

Back 4

evolved in the local region and restricted distribution

Front 5

directional selection

Back 5

average phenotype of a population changes in one direction, reduces variation

Front 6

stabilizing selection

Back 6

reduces both extremes in a population, reduces amount of variation

Front 7

balancing selection

Back 7

favors extreme phenotypes, eliminating the average, increases variation

Front 8

intersexual selection

Back 8

selection of individuals of one gender for mating by an individual of the other gender

Front 9

intrasexual selection

Back 9

selection within a gender competing with each other for mates

Front 10

fundamental asymmetry of sex

Back 10

females invest much more in their offspring than do males

Front 11

founder effect

Back 11

change in allele frequencies that occur when a new population is established

Front 12

bottleneck effect

Back 12

sudden reduction in the number of alleles in a population

Front 13

acclimation

Back 13

an individual process measured within the lifetime of an individual, physiological change to an enviromental challene

Front 14

adaptation

Back 14

a population process, involves individuals, measured over time, cannot occur in individuals

Front 15

speciation

Back 15

a slitting event that creates two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species

Front 16

biological species concept

Back 16

identifies species based on reproductive isolation because no gene flow occurs between isolated populations

Front 17

morphological species concept

Back 17

identify species based on difference in size, shape, or other morphological features

Front 18

polymorphic species

Back 18

has differing traits other than morphology

Front 19

phylogenetic species concept

Back 19

identifies species based on evolutionary history of populatons

Front 20

monophyletic group/clade/lineage

Back 20

consists of an ancestral population, all of its descendants, and only those descendants

Front 21

synapomorphy

Back 21

same divergent trait, trait found in certain groups of organisms and their common ancestor but missing in more distant ancestors

Front 22

subspecies

Back 22

populations that live in discrete geographic areas and have distinguishing features but not enough to be called seperate species

Front 23

allopatry

Back 23

different homeland

Front 24

allopatric speciation

Back 24

begins with geographic isolation

Front 25

vicariance

Back 25

the physical splitting of habitats

Front 26

sympatry

Back 26

together homeland

Front 27

sympatric speciation

Back 27

speciation that occurs even though populations live within the same geographical area

Front 28

niche

Back 28

to describe the range of ecological resources that a species can use and range of conditions it can tolerate

Front 29

polyploidy

Back 29

when an error in meiosis or mitosis results in a doubling of the chromosome number

Front 30

phylogeny

Back 30

evolutionary history of group of organisms

Front 31

parsimony

Back 31

hypothesis that requires the fewest evolutionary changes, simpliest explanation most likely correct

Front 32

hybrid breakdown

Back 32

fitness decreases with each generation

Front 33

homology

Back 33

character and similarities come from common ancestor

Front 34

analogies

Back 34

characters similar functions not same structure not related