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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the rRNA synthesized?
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in the nucleolus
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Where are the large and small subunits assembled?
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nucleolus
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Through what does mRNA leave the nucleus?
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nuclear pore
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What structure carries on protein synthesis?
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ribosome
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A cell active in protein synthesis would have prominent what?
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nucleoli
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Where can you find free ribosomes?
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in the cytosol
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Where can you find bound ribosomes?
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attached to the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope
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What structure lines each nuclear pore and regulates entry of most proteins and RNAs and macromolecules
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pore complex
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Nuclear lamina
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protein filaments that maintain shape of the nucleus
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Which is diffuse mass, chromosome or chromatin?
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chromatin
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What is the chromatin made of?
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DNA and proteins
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Which type of ribosome is responsible for secreted proteins?
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bound
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How is the endomembrane system continuous?
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membranes of this system are either touching directly or by vesicles
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What structures does the endomembrane system include?
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golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane
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What is cisternae?
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network of membranous tubules and sacs that are part of the ER
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What are some of the processes of smooth ER?
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synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, and detox of drugs and poisons
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Add what fcl group for detox?
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OH
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Where is calcium stored?
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smooth ER
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What is a glycoprotein
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proteins that have carbs bonded with them
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After leaving the ER, transport vesicles travel to what organelle?
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the golgi apparatus
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What are the two sides of the golgi apparatus?
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cis and trans
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What side of the golgi faces the ER?
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cis
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Where does golgi dispatch products?
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trans side
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What is a lysosome?
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membranous sac of hydrolytic ensymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules
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What type of environment do lysosomes prefer?
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acidic
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Where are hydrolytic enzmes and lysosome membranes made?
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RER
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What is autophagy?
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when lysosomes use their own hydrolytic enzmes to recycle a cells own organic material
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what organelle is affected by tay sachs?
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lysosome
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Waht is cell sap?
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solution inside plant central vacuole
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what process forms food vacuoles?
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phagocytosis
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From what organelle is the plant central vacuole dericed?
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ER and golgi
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Are mitochondria and chloroplasts part of the endomembrane system?
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No
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How many membranes do mitochondira have seperating innermost space from the cytosol? Chloroplasts?
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2 for mito, usually 3 sometimes 4 for chloro
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Membrane proteins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are made but what type of ribosome?
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free
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What other structure imports proteins from the cytosol?
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peroxisome
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cristae?
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inner folded membrane of mitochondria
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intermembrane space in mito
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space between inner and outer membrane
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mitochondrial matrix-
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contains many dfifferent enzymes as well as mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
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Where in plant cell is the DNA enzymes etc
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int he stroma- fluid outside thylakoids
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What is the by product of perioxisomes?
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H202 ( hydrogen peroxide)
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Structure of micro tubules?
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hollow tubes; wall consists of 13 columns of tubulin molecules
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protein subunits of MT
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tubulin, a dimer consisting of alpha tubuilin and beta tubulin
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main functions of MT
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- maintence of cell shape ( compression resisting girders)
- cell motility ( cilia, flagella) - chromosome movements in cell division - organelle movements |
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microfilaments ( actin ) structure
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two intertwined strands of actin, each a polymer of actin subunits
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MF protein subunit
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actin
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function of MF
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maintenance of cell shape, chnges in cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, cell motility ( pseudopodia), cell divison ( cleavage furrow)
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Intermediate filaments structure
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fibrous proteins supercolied into thicker cables
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protein subunit
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one of keratin family
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IF function
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maintenance of cell shape , anchorage of nucleusand certain other organelles, formation of nuclear lamina
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What do animal cells have that plants dont?
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lysosomes, centrosomes with centrioles, flagella
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What is in plant cells but not animal cells?
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chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata
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