Bio-Ecosystems-Ch 21 Pt 1

Front 1

A biome is primarily identified by the dominant type of _______ life present

Back 1

plant

Front 2

How many major types of biomes exist on Earth?

Back 2

8

Front 3

list the major types of biomes

Back 3

1. Tundra
2. Tropical forest
3. Temperate forest
4. Taiga
5. Temperate grassland
6. savanna
7. Chaparral
8. Desert

Front 4

Mountains do not belong to any single biome because _____changes with ______.

Back 4

Climate
elevations

Front 5

Where is the tundra located?

Back 5

northern North America, Europe, & Asia

Front 6

The tundra covers about ___% of the world's land surface.

Back 6

20% or 1/5

Front 7

Tundra possesses a permanently frozen layer of soil under the surface called the ______.

Back 7

Permafrost

Front 8

The soil above the permafrost in the tundra remains frozen itself for all but ____ weeks during the year.

Back 8

8

Front 9

Why do trees not grow in the tundra?

Back 9

the winters are long and extremely cold and perma frost prevents their roots from penetrating far into the soil

Front 10

The growing season for plants in the tundra lasts for about ______

Back 10

about 2 months

Front 11

Dead plants and animals decay very slowly in the tundra because of

Back 11

cold temperatures

Front 12

The soil in the tundra contains few_____ because of the slow decay process.

Back 12

nutrients

Front 13

The most common plants in the tundra are _____, _____ and _____.

Back 13

Grasses, sedges and mosses

Front 14

As ice and soil thaw in the tundra during the summer, many ______ form.

Back 14

ponds and bogs

Front 15

Swarms of _____form in the tundra during the summer followed by flocks of ____ that feed on them.

Back 15

insects
ducks, geese, cranes, other waterfowl and predatory birds

Front 16

How many types of forests are found in the world?

Back 16

26

Front 17

List the 3 main types of forests.

Back 17

Tropical, temperate, and boreal or taiga

Front 18

Tropical forests are located near the

Back 18

equator

Front 19

The region of the planet located between _____is known as the tropics.

Back 19

23.5 N and 23.5 S

Front 20

Why are tropical forests the most productive biome type of life?

Back 20

Stable temperatures and abundant rainfall

Front 21

The two seasons in a tropical forest are called the ______ season and the ______

Back 21

wet and dry

Front 22

Tropical rain forests have very long ___ seasons

Back 22

wet

Front 23

Tropical dry forests have very long ___seasons

Back 23

dry

Front 24

How do the plants in a tropical rain forest differ from those in a tropical dry forest?

Back 24

they grow year round

Front 25

The trees in a tropical rain forest grow extremely tall because of their competition for ______.

Back 25

Light

Front 26

The ___ in a tropical rain forest is created by the continuous layer of treetops which prevents very much ____ from reaching the forest floor.

Back 26

canopy
sunlight

Front 27

Why is there usually little vegetation on the floor of a tropical rain forest?

Back 27

little sunlight reaches the ground

Front 28

The very dense plant growth in a tropical rain forest is known as ______

Back 28

Jungle

Front 29

Where is the "jungle" of a tropical rain forest usually located?

Back 29

along riverbanks and where sunlight can readh the forest floor.

Front 30

The small plants called_______ actually live on the branches of trees.

Back 30

epiphytes

Front 31

Epiphytes are not considered to be parasites because ______

Back 31

they make their own food

Front 32

Tropical rain forests probably contain about _____% of all world's species of life.

Back 32

50%

Front 33

______forests have 4 distinct seasons and a moderate climate.

Back 33

???

Front 34

Some temperate forests contain ____trees whose seeds are found inside ______

Back 34

coniferous trees
cones

Front 35

Some temperate forests contain ______ trees which lose their _____each year.

Back 35

deciduous
leaves

Front 36

______ trees are considered to be "evergreen."

Back 36

coniferous

Front 37

The _____ in a temperate deciduous forest is unevenly distributed during the year.

Back 37

precipitation

Front 38

The trees of a deciduous forest have wide, thin leaves with much ______ area so the leaves can absorb the most _____ possible.

Back 38

surface area
light

Front 39

Why have large areas of deciduous forest been cut down?

Back 39

to make way for farms, towns and cities

Front 40

The taiga is located south of the _____ and north of the ____

Back 40

tundra
temperate regions

Front 41

The main trees in the taiga are the ________trees

Back 41

coniferous trees

Front 42

The taiga is also called the _____forest.

Back 42

boreal

Front 43

Taiga is usually located between the latitudes _________ and _________

Back 43

50N
60N

Front 44

How are the tree roots in the taiga protected against freezing in the winters?

Back 44

snow covers and insulates the ground

Front 45

The leaves of coniferous trees are ____________ shaped which helps to reduce ______.

Back 45

waxy, needle-shaped
water loss

Front 46

The leaves of coniferous trees are covered in a layer of ____

Back 46

?

Front 47

What happens to the leaves of a coniferous tree during the winter?

Back 47

?

Front 48

During the winter some animals in the taiga ____ to warmer climates.

Back 48

migrate?

Front 49

During the winter some animals in the taiga _____ for six to eight months.

Back 49

hibernate?

Front 50

The main plant in the grasslands is _______

Back 50

?

Front 51

Grasslands are called ______ in North America, _____ in Asia, ______ in South America and ______in southern Africa.

Back 51

?
?
?

Front 52

______grasslands usually form in the interior of continents where there is too little ____ to support much tree growth.

Back 52

?

Front 53

What kind of soil do grasslands have?

Back 53

/

Front 54

Large ____ are found where grasslands have been undisturbed by humans.

Back 54

?

Front 55

Explain why grass can survive fire and being constantly eaten by animals

Back 55

?

Front 56

Much of the world's temperate grasslands have been transformed into ________

Back 56

?

Front 57

_________are tropical grasslands that have scattered trees and shrubs.

Back 57

?

Front 58

The best known savannas are found in _____

Back 58

>?

Front 59

What are the seasons in a savanna?

Back 59

?

Front 60

There are many herbivores and carnivores in a savanna. What does this mean?

Back 60

?

Front 61

The plants in a savanna must be able to survive during long periods of ______

Back 61

?

Front 62

What do plants do to survive long periods of drought in the savanna?

Back 62

>

Front 63

Chaparral has ____ winters and ____ summers and periodic _____

Back 63

>
>
>

Front 64

Describe the plants in a chaparral.

Back 64

>

Front 65

Chaparral has ______winters and _____summers and periodic ______

Back 65

>
>
>

Front 66

Chaparral is found around the ________Sea and in southern _____.

Back 66

.

Front 67

Deserts receive a very low amount of _____ each year.

Back 67

>

Front 68

Are deserts hot all the time?

Back 68

?

Front 69

Cold deserts are hot in the ______ and cold in the _____

Back 69

>

Front 70

Where are sme cold deserts found?

Back 70

))

Front 71

Why can the temperature get very cold at night even in hot deserts?

Back 71

>

Front 72

Desert plants have leaves covered in a ______ coating to prevent water from evaporating.

Back 72

>

Front 73

How many stomata do the leaves in desert plants have ? Why?

Back 73

>>

Front 74

Why to the stomata only open at night in desert plants?

Back 74

>

Front 75

The most common type of desert plant is called the ____

Back 75

?

Front 76

The body of a cactus can expand so it can ____

Back 76

>

Front 77

Why have the leaves of cactus evolved into sharp spines?

Back 77

>

Front 78

The body of a saguaro cactus can hold about ____ pounds of water.

Back 78

?

Front 79

Describe ways that desert animals conserve water

Back 79

>