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32 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
taxonomy
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branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of living things
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classification system
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used in modern biology and allows biologists to identify an organism and place it in the correct group with related organisms
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two major groups that living things are separated into
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the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom
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aristotle and theophrastus
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A-grouped animals according to the kind of environment in which they lived
T-grouped plants according to stem strucutre -together they classified more than 500 kinds of plants and 500 kinds of animals |
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john ray
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identified and classified more than 18,000 different types of plants-also classified members of several different animal groups-first used term species
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species
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a group of organisms that are strucutally similar and pass these similarities on to their offspring-are able to interbreed
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Classification categories
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1. Kingdoms-largest
2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus (last name) 7. Species-smallest (first name) |
King Phylum Cuts Onions For Great Salad
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carolus linnaeus
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considred the founder of modern taxonomy
-established methods for classifying and naming organisms that are used today |
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nomenclature
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system for naming things
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binomial nomenclature
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two-word system of identifying an organism
-developed by carolus linnaeus -latin names -two names are: 1) Genus (capital letter) Homo 2) Species (lower case letter) sapiens |
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what information about an organism do modern taxonomists use when they classify? what does this system allow for?
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structural, biochemical, embryological, behavioral, and fossil-allows for evidence of evolution
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phylogeny
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evolutionary history of a species or a group of organisms
-phylogenetic tree indicates when related groups of organisms have evolved from common ancestors |
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Five kingdoms
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monera, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
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members of monera
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bacteria, blue-green algae
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members of protista and exmaples
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*protozoa (nutrition=animal-like):
paramecium, ameba *algae (nutrition=plant-like): spirogyra |
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members of fungi and exmaples
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true fungi:
molds, yeast, mushrooms, rusts, and smuts |
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members of plantae and examples
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*Bryophytes:
mosses *Tracheophytes: Ferns, seed plants: maple tree, pine tee, corn |
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bryophyte
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lack vascular tissue; no true roots, stems, or leaves
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tracheophytes
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have vascular tissue-true roots, stems and leaves
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members of animalia and examples
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*Coelenterates:
hydra, jellyfish *Annelids: earthworm, sandworm *Mollusks/: clam, snail *Arthropods: grasshopper, lobster, spider *Chordates: shark, frog, human |
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coelenterates
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hollow-body-2 cells layers
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annelids
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segmented body walls
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mollusks
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1 or 2 part shell
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arthropods
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jointed appendages, exoskeleton
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chordates
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dorsal nerve cord
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characteristics of Monera
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-prokaryotic
-no organized nucleus w/ nuclear membrane -cell walls -no photosynthesis excpet blue-green algae |
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protista characteristics
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-mostly unicellular
-eukaryotic-have membrane-bound nucleus -same are animal like and some are plantlike |
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fungi characteristics
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-live as parasites or decomposers
-most are multicellular -eukaryotic -no chloropyll and cannot synthesize food -enzymes digest food outside the organism |
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plantae characteristics
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-cell walls
-true tissue and organ organization -nearly all are photosynthetic -contain chlorophyll -multicellular |
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animalia
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-multicellular organisms
-obtain food from environment and ingest it -move on their own -specialized sensory systems, brain, nerve-muscle systems -most common=sexual reproduction -vertebrates and invertebrates |
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autotrophs
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make their own food
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heterotrophs
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organisms that must obtain their food from the environment
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