Bio Chem Test 15

Front 1

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol

Back 1

be toxic, Uses CYP2E1, inducable by EtOH

Front 2

• adhesion step

Back 2

GPIa, and GPIb bind to collagen and vWF, respectivly

Front 3

• ADP

Back 3

- ADP granules released during recrutment, potent platelet activator.

Front 4

• Aflatoxin B1

Back 4

Aspergilus flavus, grows on peanuts, hepatocarcinogenisis in humans, 8,9epoxide is activated by 2 dif. isozymes of cytp450, modifies DNA(G>T mutation)

Front 5

• alanine

Back 5

produced by most tissues, alaninetransferase elevated is sign of liver damage

Front 6

• Albumin

Back 6

made by liver, 50-60% protein pool of plasma, important osmoregulator(70-80%), bind to many things, including Long chain FA's, many drugs, decreasing dose, but lengthning it too, Ca, Co, steroids, Zn, bilirubin.

Front 7

• AMP In muscle glycogen degradation

Back 7

allosteric activation of glycogen phosphoylase b, normally low concentration, increases many times with ATP decrease, activates PFK-1,

Front 8

• anaerobic catabolism of glucose

Back 8

important at initiation of exercise, during strenuous exercise, and in Fast twitch glycolitic muscle with low oxidative capacity

Front 9

• antibodies

Back 9

complex with antigens, classical interaction, activation of complement

Front 10

• BCAA carbon skeletons

Back 10

most can be oxidized to CO2 in liver, muscle can handle alanine, aspartate, glutamate, valine, leucine and isoleucine, but not others, glutamine synthesis from them after 5 steps

Front 11

• BCAA oxidation

Back 11

fuel for gut and skeletal muscle, lucine, isolucine and valine, increased metabolism (20% max) during rest(in muscle) if glucose and and AA's are elevated

Front 12

• brain

Back 12

net producer of glutamine

Front 13

• Branched-chain amino acids

Back 13

valine, leucine, isoleucine

Front 14

• Calcium

Back 14

reqired for coagulation if factors, muscle activation,

Front 15

• cAMP

Back 15

adenylate cyclase activates it, it activates protein kinase, part of glycogen degradation pathway

Front 16

• Chylomicrons-

Back 16

too big to get through endothelial cells of the liver

Front 17

• collagen

Back 17

when exposed, glycoprotiens bind (GPIa),

Front 18

• complement proteins

Back 18

activation in immune responce, MAC

Front 19

• components is unique to the extrinsic pathway

Back 19

VII to VIIa, tissue factor III

Front 20

• Cori cycle

Back 20

lactate turned to glucose

Front 21

• CYP2EI

Back 21

EtoH and acetaminophen

Front 22

• CYP3A4

Back 22

most common Ctyochrome p450 isozyme

Front 23

• cytochrome P450

Back 23

uses NADPH to detox, found in smooth ER

Front 24

• Factor VIII

Back 24

activated by thrombin (IIa), activates X

Front 25

• Factor X

Back 25

activated by VIIIa, Tissue Factor III/VIIa

Front 26

• fibrinogen

Back 26

turned by thrombin into a soft clot (fibrin)

Front 27

• glutamine

Back 27

major carrier of NH4+ to kidney

Front 28

• glutathione

Back 28

interacts with NAPQI forms mercaptopuric acid>>kidney>>urine

Front 29

• glycogen phosphorylase kinase

Back 29

fully activates glycogen phosphorylase b, activated by Ca as well,

Front 30

• glycogen synthase

Back 30

activated by insulin after high carb meal

Front 31

• glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa)-

Back 31

come available after GPIb binds vWF

Front 32

• hippurate

Back 32

secondary product salicylic acid secretion

Front 33

• HMWK

Back 33

high molecular weight kininogen

Front 34

• immunoglobulins

Back 34

antibodies

Front 35

• Kallikrein

Back 35

begins life as prekallikrein, activted by XIIa (intrinsic pathway), assembled with HMWK, XI and XII on a surface, unknown importance in coagulation.

Front 36

• kidney-

Back 36

excretes waste products like murcaptopuric acid (NAPQI), salicyluric acid (asprin), etc

Front 37

• lactate

Back 37

enters the Kori cycle, increases in muscle in anaerobic conditions, esp. Fast twich glycolytic fibers.

Front 38

• metabolism of aspirin

Back 38

glycine added and excreated as salicylurate(primary) and hippoate

Front 39

• N-acetyl-p benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)

Back 39

Toxic Byproduct to Acetaminophen breakdown,excreted after conjugation with glutathione

Front 40

• N-acetyl cysteine

Back 40

administered for Tylonol poisoning

Front 41

• NADH

Back 41

produced to help reduce methemoglobin back to ferrus and

Front 42

• NADPH

Back 42

used by p450 to detox

Front 43

• NO

Back 43

vasodialator and_________

Front 44

• nonthrombogenic surface

Back 44

endothelial surfaces

Front 45

oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde

Back 45

CYP2E1

Front 46

• Plasmin

Back 46

active clot degradation

Front 47

• Plasminogen

Back 47

- inactive form of Plasmin, activated by plasminogen activators

Front 48

• platelet activation

Back 48

activation, aggragation, secretion

Front 49

• platelet-subendothelial interaction

Back 49

vWF, and glycoproteins, binding of GPIb exposes GPIIb/GPIIIa to fibinogen and vWF

Front 50

• prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)-

Back 50

Activated Protien C stimulates endothelial cell to secrete to reduce aggregation.

Front 51

• Protein C and protein S

Back 51

suppress coagulation cascade, S binds C to clot with -carboxyglutamate/Ca, destroy VIIIa and Va. anticoagulant, decreasing thrombin

Front 52

• protein kinase

Back 52

activated by cAMP, activates phosphorylase kinase, >>glycogen degradation

Front 53

• prothrombin

Back 53

factor II, activated by IIa, Va, Xa

Front 54

• Thrombin

Back 54

factor IIa, activated by Xa and Va, activates V, VIII, XI, XIII, binds to thrombomodulin to inhibit cascade.

Front 55

• Tissue factor III-

Back 55

extrinsic factor, activates X to Xa

Front 56

• valine, isoleucine, and leucine

Back 56

BCAA's- used as fuel in most tissues

Front 57

• Vitamin K

Back 57

esential for production of -carboxyglutamic acid residues

Front 58

• VLDL

Back 58

Uses NADPH to be made, impared in liver disease

Front 59

• von Wille-brand factor (vWF)-

Back 59

contained in alpha granules

Front 60

• -carboxyglutamic acid residues

Back 60

made with Vitamin K cofactor, found on factors VII, IX, X and prothrombin, that bind Ca which is attracted to negative charged platelet surface,

Front 61

 Cysteine

Back 61

Blank

Front 62

 Elastin

Back 62

fibrous structural protein, hyrophobic strechyness

Front 63

 Hyaluronic acid

Back 63

glucuronic acid bound to N acetyl-glucosamine (glycosaminoglycan), cell migration in Embryogenisis, Morphogenisis and Wound Healing!!

Front 64

 Hydroxylation reactions

Back 64

see below

Front 65

 hydroxylysine

Back 65

lysine residue, posttranslational, requires vit C,- attachment site dissacarite moieties and crosslinks

Front 66

 hydroxyproline

Back 66

proline residue, posttranslational, req. vit C, H bond stabilize triple helix, scurvy

Front 67

 Laminin

Back 67

adhesion protein, alpha helix, 3 subunits, Disorder causes JEB (blisters)

Front 68

 the major components of connective tissue

Back 68

?

Front 69

 Type I collagen

Back 69

most abundant,skin bone, tendon, cornea. 3 strands, 1/3 is glycine

Front 70

 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid

Back 70

required to form hydoxylysine, scurvy

Front 71

• glycogen phosphorylase b

Back 71

-AMP activates, does not need phosphorilation like liver isozyme,