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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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molecule
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two or more atoms chemically joined
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element
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substance consisting of only one type of atom
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physical property
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property measured without changing the matter
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solid
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state of matter with the lowest amount of energy
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compound
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two or more elements chemically combined
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plasma
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extremely high energy, where nuclei of atoms are split
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atom
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smallest unit of matter
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chemical property
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property observed by changing the idenityt of matter
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gas
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state of matter where atoms are as spread out as possible
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liquid
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the state of matter where atoms are tightly packed but are moving
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covalent bond
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hold together atoms that share electrons
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how many natural elements?
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90
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how many elements are necessary to life?
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25
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neutrons
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in nucleus (neutral charge)
# of neutrons is atomic mass- atomic number |
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protons
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in nucleus (positive charge)
atomic number |
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electrons
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orbit nucleus in orbitals (negative charge)
atomic number |
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isotope
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atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
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ionic
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transfer of electrons from one atom to another
produces ions |
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ions
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charged particles
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cations
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positively charged
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anions
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negatively charged
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reactants
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chemicals mixed in a reaction
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products
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new chemicals formed in a reaction
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hydrogen bonds
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-attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen
-weak bonds -help hold large molecules together -gives water its unique properties like cohesion and adhesion |
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cohesion
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high surface tension
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adhesion
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capillary action- thin tubes
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why ice floats
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less dense when frozen
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high specific heat
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resists temperature change
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evaporation
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very slow
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type of molecule for water
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polar covalent
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polarity
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makes it a good solvent, dissolves substances and forms acids and bases
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mixture
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two or more elements/ compounds evenly distributed but not chemically combined
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homogeneous
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mixture that doesn't show identity of its compounds
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heterogeneous
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mixture that shows identity of its compounds
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solution
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uniformly dissolved, usually see through (homogeneous)
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suspension
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large clumps of molecules floating/ suspended in a liquid
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solute
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substance being dissolved
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solvent
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substance doing the dissolving
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dissociate
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when ionic compounds dissolve in water ions dissociate
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acids: taste
form what ions? have what pH? |
-sour
-form hydrogen ions (H+) -have pH below 7 |
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bases: taste
form what ions? have what pH? |
-bitter, feel slippery
-form hydroxide ions (OH-) -have pH above 7 |
