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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inorganic Substances |
Substances that do NOT contain carbon-hydrogen bonds |
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Organic Substances |
Substances that DO contain hydrogen-carbon bonds |
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Macromolecule |
Substances that form from joining many small molecules together are called macromolecules.
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Homeostasis |
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain constant internal conditions |
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Negative Feedback |
A control system that helps the body maintain homeostasis by sending a signal to stop a response |
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Positive Feedback |
A control system that sends a signal to increase a response |
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Proteins |
Large bio molecules or macromolecules, consisting of long chains of amino acid residue |
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Lipids |
A group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Nucleic Acid |
Macromolecules that store information used by cells |
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Carbohydrates |
Monosaccharides that are combined |
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Heredity |
The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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Genetics |
The study of how traits pass from parents to offspring |
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Alleles |
A gene with different information than a trait |
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Selective Breeding |
The selection and breeding of organisms to achieve desired traits |
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Dominant Trait |
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
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Recessive Trait |
A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor |
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Genotype |
All of the alleles on a genes chromosome |
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Phenotype |
How traits appear or are expressed in an organism |
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Heterozygous |
An organism's genotype has two different alleles |
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Homozygous |
An organism's genotype has two identical alleles |
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Monohybrid Cross |
A cross between two individuals that are hybrids for one trait |
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Punnett Square |
It shows the probability of all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring |
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Incomplete Dominance |
When an offspring’s phenotype is a combination of its parents’ phenotypes |
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Codominance |
When both alleles can be independently observed in a phenotype |
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Multiple Alleles |
A gene that has more than two alleles |
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Sex-Linked Traits |
When the allele for a trait is on an X or Y chromosome |
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Polygenic Inheritance |
Occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
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Pedigree |
Shows genetic traits that were inherited by members of a family |
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Mutations |
Any permanent change in the sequence of DNA in a gene or a chromosome of a cell. They can change a genetic makeup or destroy certain cells |
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Genetic Engineering |
The genetic material of an organism is modified by inserting DNA from another organism |
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Variations |
Slight differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population |
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Natural Selection |
The process by which individuals with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those individuals without these variations |
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Adaptation |
An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment |
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Structural Adaptation |
Change in physical characteristics to help survive and reproduce |
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Functional Adaptation |
Changes in internal systems to help survive and reproduce |
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Behavioral Adaptation |
Changes in the way an organism acts to help survive and reproduce |
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Evolution |
The change of an organism over time |
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Extinction |
When a species completely dies off |
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Conservation Biology |
A branch of biology that studies why many species are in trouble and what can be done to save them |
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How Body Maintains Homeostasis |
The endocrine and nervous systems help detect changes in either the internal or the external environment and respond to those changes |
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How Body Coordinates Movement & Stimuli |
The heart contains a group of specialized cells called pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells control the rate at which the heart beats by responding to signals from the nervous system. the nervous system also sends endocrine to other organs to tell them what to do |
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Circulatory System |
Helps Transport Nutrients |
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Muscular System |
Uses Nutrients |
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Digestive System |
Absorbs Nutrients/Process Nutrients & Break down food |
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Small Intestines |
Breaks down food & Absorbs Nutrients |
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Genes |
Sections of DNA contained by chromosomes |
