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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alkanes
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-contain C's and H's
-single bonded -end in -anes |
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cycloalkanes
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-hydrocarbons that form cyclic structures
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alkyl groups
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groups that branch off of alkanes
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isomers
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have the same formula but different atom arrangements
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properties of alkanes
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-non polar
-insoluble in water -less dense than water |
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alkanes with 1-4 carbons are
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- gases at room temp
- used as fuel |
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alkanes with 5-8 carbons
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-liquid at room temp
- very volatile - used to make gasoline |
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alkanes with 9-17
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-are liquids at room temp
- have higher boiling points - are found in kerosene and jet fuel |
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alkanes with 18+ carbons
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- have high molar masses
- are waxy solids - used to coat vegetables and fruits |
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functional groups
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-molecular reactivity
-characteristics of organic molecules that behave in predictable ways |
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reactivity
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what will happen in a reaction
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solubility
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what a molecule will dissolve in
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alkenes
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contain a double bond
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alkynes
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contains a triple bond
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organic compound properties
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-form covalent bonds
-non-polar -usually low melting and boiling - high flammability -not solubility |
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inorganic compound properties
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-mostly ionic bonds
-most are ionic or polar - high melting and boiling points -low flammability -most are soluble |
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properties of phenols
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- used in antiseptics and disinfectants
- compounds of phenol are active ingredients in essential oils |
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properties of thiols
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-often have strong odors
- are used to detect gas leaks -found in onions, oysters, garlic -shrunk odor |
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used of aldehydes
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-flavoring of food and fragrance
-vanillin |
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uses of ketones
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-nail polish remover
-butter flavoring -ketones bodies generated in fasting and exercise |
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properties of carboxylic acids
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-weak acids
-sour taste -produce hydronium in water -neutralize bases |
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esterification
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reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester
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acid hydrolysis
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-an ester reacts with water to produce a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
-an acid catalyst is required |
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base hydrolysis or soapification
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-reaction of an ester with a strong base
-produces the salt of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol |
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soap
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contains a non polar end that dissolves in non polar fats and oils and a polar end that dissolves in water
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micelles
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groups of soap molecules that dissolve in water and are washed away
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retinol
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-vitamin A
- found in foods and supplements as ester -toxic to cells -must be transported via carrier proteins |
