Bio Chapter 7 Vocab

Front 1

cells

Back 1

basic units of all forms of life

Front 2

cell theory

Back 2

all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of living things
new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 3

nucleus

Back 3

contains the DNA, controls the cells activities

Front 4

eukaryote

Back 4

contain nuclei

Front 5

prokaryote

Back 5

lacking nuclei

Front 6

organelles

Back 6

organized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell, little organs

Front 7

cytoplasm

Back 7

material inside the cell membrane not including nucleus

Front 8

nuclear envelope

Back 8

layer of 2 membranes around nucleus

Front 9

chromatin

Back 9

grainular material on nucleus

Front 10

chromosone

Back 10

structures within nucleus containing DNA

Front 11

nucleolus

Back 11

where the assembly of ribosmomes begin

Front 12

ribosome

Back 12

particles of RNA + proteins foind in cytoplasm

Front 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

internal membrane system where lipids of membranes are assembled and some proteins are modified

Front 14

golgi appartaus

Back 14

modifes, sorts, packages proteins + other materials from the ER for storage

Front 15

lysosomes

Back 15

filled with enzymes used for digestion or breaking down lipids, carbs, and proteins

Front 16

vacuole

Back 16

saclike structures that store materials

Front 17

mitochondrion

Back 17

organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for cells to use

Front 18

chloroplast

Back 18

capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy(photosynthesis)

Front 19

cytoskeleton

Back 19

network of protein filamemnts helps cell maintain shape and movement

Front 20

centrioles

Back 20

help organize cell division

Front 21

cell membrane

Back 21

thin, flexible barrier around cells that regulate what enters and leaves the cell

Front 22

cell wall

Back 22

suppoting layer around membrane provides support and protection

Front 23

lipid bilayer

Back 23

2 layer sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Front 24

concentration

Back 24

mass of a solute in a given solution Mass/Volume

Front 25

diffusion

Back 25

molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 26

equilibrium

Back 26

when the concentration of a solute is equal

Front 27

osmosis

Back 27

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 28

isotonic

Back 28

when the concentration of 2 solution is the same

Front 29

hypertonic

Back 29

when comparing 2 solutions- solution with greater concentration

Front 30

hypotonic

Back 30

when comparing 2 solutions- the solution with lesser concentration

Front 31

facilitated diffusion

Back 31

movement of specific molecules accross cell membranes through protein channels

Front 32

active transport

Back 32

requires energy, moves materila against concentration difference

Front 33

endocytosis

Back 33

process by which cell takes material by infolding of the cell membrane

Front 34

phagocytosis

Back 34

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surrounds large particles

Front 35

pinocytosis

Back 35

process by which a cell takes in liquid

Front 36

exocytosis

Back 36

process by which cell releases lage amounts of material

Front 37

cell specialization

Back 37

process in which different cells have different jobs

Front 38

tissue

Back 38

group of similar cells that perform a similar function

Front 39

organ

Back 39

group of tissues that work together to perform related function

Front 40

organ system

Back 40

group of organs that work togtehr to perform specific functions

Front 41

choanocyte

Back 41

specializd cells that use flagella to move through the sponge

Front 42

osculum

Back 42

large hole at top of sponge where water leaves the sponge

Front 43

spicule

Back 43

spike structure that makes up skeletons of harder sponges

Front 44

archaeocyte

Back 44

speacialized cell in sponge that makes spicules

Front 45

internal fertilization

Back 45

process in which eggs are fertilized inside sponges body

Front 46

larva

Back 46

immature state of an organism looks different than adult form

Front 47

gemmule

Back 47

group of archaeocytes, surrounded b spicules, produced by sponges

Front 48

specialized cell

Back 48

cell that is uniquely suited to perform a specific function

Front 49

epithelial tissue

Back 49

tissue that covers the surface of the body, and lines internal organs

Front 50

connective tissue

Back 50

tissue that hold in place and binds different parts of the body together

Front 51

nervous tissue

Back 51

tissue that recieves messages from the ody external and internal enviornment, analyzes it, and directs a response

Front 52

muscle tissue

Back 52

tissue that controls the internal movement in the body, as well as external

Front 53

homeostasis

Back 53

process b which organisms maintain a stable internal enviornment

Front 54

feedback inhibition

Back 54

process in which the product or result stops or limits the process