Bio Chapter 4 And 5 Vocab

Front 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 1

a cell whose primary complement of DNA is contained within a mebrane-lined nucleus (has other organelles also)

Front 2

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 2

a cell whose DNA is not located in the nucleus (either bacteria or archaea)

Front 3

Organelle

Back 3

an organized structure in a cell that carries out specific cellular functions

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

membrane-lined compartment in a eukaryotic cell that contains the DNA

Front 5

Nucleolus

Back 5

the area within the nucleus that produces ribosomal RNA

Front 6

Cytosol

Back 6

protein rich, jelly like fluid in which a cells organelles are immersed in

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

the region of the cell inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus

Front 8

Membrane

Back 8

thte plasma membrane forming the outer boundary of the cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer and interspersed with proteins and cholesterol molecules

Front 9

DNA

Back 9

the primary information bearing molecule of life

Front 10

mRNA

Back 10

a nucleic acid that is active in the synthesis of proteins and that forms part of the structure of ribosomes

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

organelles located in the cytoplasm that is the site of protein synthesis

Front 12

Rough ER

Back 12

a network of membranes that aid in the processing of proteins

Front 13

Smooth ER

Back 13

network of membranes that are the site of the synthesis of various lipids and site at which potentially harmful substances are detoxified

Front 14

Golgi Complex

Back 14

network of membranes that process and distribute proteins that come from the rough ER

Front 15

Lysosomes

Back 15

organelle that digests worn out cellular materials and foreign materials that enter the cell

Front 16

Mitochondria

Back 16

organelle that is the primary site of energy conversion within the cell

Front 17

Cytoskeleton

Back 17

network of protein filaments that functions in cell structure, cell movement, and the transport of materials within the cell

Front 18

Cell Wall

Back 18

thick layer of material that forms the periphery of plant, bacterial, and fungal cells

Front 19

Chloroplast

Back 19

the organelle in a plant or algae cell that is the site of photosynthesis

Front 20

Central Vacuole

Back 20

large, watery organelle found in plants whose functions include the storage of nutrients and the retention and degredation of waste products

Front 21

Phospholipids

Back 21

charged lipid molecule composed of two fatty acids, glycerol and a phosphate group

Front 22

Integral Protein

Back 22

a protein of the plasma membrane that is attached to the membrane's hydrophobic interior

Front 23

Glycocalyx

Back 23

an outer layer of the plasma membrane composed of short carbohydrate chains that attach to membrane proteins and phospholip molecules

Front 24

Peripheral Protein

Back 24

protein that lies on the inside or outside of the membrane but is not attached to the hydrophobic interior

Front 25

Receptor Protein

Back 25

protein with a binding site, located at the surface of the plasma membrane (binding of receptor protein with a certain molecule changes the cells activity)

Front 26

Transport Protein

Back 26

proteins that form a hydrophilic passage through the plasma membrane to allow things in and out

Front 27

Diffusion

Back 27

the movement of molecules or ions from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Front 28

Simple Diffusion

Back 28

diffusion through the plasma membrane without a protein

Front 29

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 29

passage of materials through the plasma membrane aided by a transport protein

Front 30

Osmosis

Back 30

the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Front 31

active transport

Back 31

transport of materials across the plasma membrane where energy is expended (sodium potassium pump)

Front 32

passive transport

Back 32

diffusion

Front 33

Hypotonic Solution

Back 33

solution that had lower concentration of solutes than others

Front 34

Hypertonic Solution

Back 34

solution that has higher concentration of solutes than another

Front 35

Isotonic Solution

Back 35

solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another

Front 36

Exocytosis

Back 36

process in which a transport vesicle fuses with the membrane of a cell and the contents of the vesicle are ejected outside

Front 37

Endocytosis

Back 37

process by which the plasma membrane folds inward and pinches off bringing materials into the cell in a transport vesicle

Front 38

Pinocytosis

Back 38

form of endocytosis that brings into the cell a small volume of extracellular fluid and solutes

Front 39

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis (RME)

Back 39

receptors on the surface of a cell bind to a substance and then move laterally through the membrane to join other receptors with the same substance (large enough group forms vesicle and enters the cell)

Front 40

Phagocytosis

Back 40

process of bringing relatively large materials into a cell by means of wrapping extensions of the plamsa membrane around the materials and fusing the extensions together